Aktivitas Larvasida Fraksi N-Heksan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia. L) terhadap Larva Aedes sp.
Larvicide Activity of N-Hexane Fraction of Ethanolic Morinda citrifolia. L Leaves Extract on Aedes sp. Larvae
Keywords:
Morinda citrifolia, larvicide, Aedes aegypti, n-hexane fraction, DHF
Abstract
Abstract. Aedes sp. is a vector of the dengue virus that causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF).
Larvicides are the optimal method for controlling mosquito development. Temephos is a larvicidal
agent of the organophosphate group which is reported to cause side eff ects and ecological hazards,
as well as resistance based on reports in several country. This study aims to determine the larvicidal
activity of the n-hexane fraction of Morinda citrifolia leaf ethanol extract on Aedes sp. The compound
groups in the fraction were identifi ed using TLC through UV light and spray reagents. There were six
types of treatment including four concentration fractions (400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm) as treatment,
positive control (temephos 1%) and negative control 1% acetone solution. Twenty-fi ve mosquito larvae
of Aedes sp. tested for each treatment. Larval mortality was recorded and LC50 and LC99 values were
analyzed using the probit. The results showed that the TLC test of the n-hexane fraction was positive
for terpenoids, anthraquinones, phenols, tannins, and fl avonoids. The results showed that the LC50 and
LC99 values were 1040 ppm and 2439 ppm. Therefore, the n-hexane fraction of the ethanol extract had
larvicidal activity on Aedes sp with li le toxicity.
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33. Linser PJ, Smith KE, Seron TJ, Oviedo MN. Carbonic anhydrases and anion transport in mosquito midgut pH regulation. J Exp Biol. 2009; 212: 1662.
34. Saboia-Vahia L, Borges-Veloso A, Mesquita-Rodrigues C, Cuervo P, Dias-Lopes G, Bri o C et al. Trypsin-like serine peptidase profi les in the egg, larval, and pupal stages of Aedes albopictus. Parasites and Vectors. 2013; 6: 1–11.
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36. Zhang Q, Denlinger D. Molecular structure and expression analysis of the
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201–213.
37. Rawani A, Ray AS, Ghosh A, Sakar M, Chandra G. Larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of Solanum nigrum against Culex vishnui group and Anopheles subpictus. BMC Res Notes. 2017; 10: 1–8.
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39. Raghav D, Mahanty S, Rathinasamy K. Biochemical and toxicological investigation of karanjin, a bio-pesticide isolated from Pongamia seed oil. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019; 157: 108–121.
2. Leta S, Beyene TJ, De Clercq EM, Amenu K, Kraemer MUG, Revie CW. Global risk mapping for major diseases transmi ed by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Int J Infect Dis. 2018; 67: 25–35.
3. Anonymous. Data Kasus DBD per Bulan di Indonesia Tahun 2010, 2009 dan 2008. Depkes RI: Jakarta.2010.
4. Suryani E. The Overview of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases in Blitar City from 2015 to 2017. J Berk Epidemiol. 2018; 6: 260–267.
5. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. .
6. Jones RT, Ant TH, Cameron MM, Logan JG. Novel control strategies for mosquitoborne diseases. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2021; 376: 20190802.
7. Kesetyaningsih TW, Andarini S, Sudarto, Pramoedyo H. Determination of environmental factors aff ecting dengue incidence in Sleman District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. African J Infect Dis. 2018; 12: 13–25.
8. Hamid PH, Prastowo J, Ghiff ari A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C. Aedes aegypti resistance development to commonly used insecticides in Jakarta, Indonesia. PLoS One. 2017; 12: 1–11.
9. Satoto TBT, Satrisno H, Lazuardi L, Diptyanusa A, Purwaningsih, Rumbiwati et al. Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: An impact from human urbanization? PLoS One. 2019; 14: 1–13.
10. Senthil-Nathan S. A Review of Resistance Mechanisms of Synthetic Insecticides and Botanicals, Phytochemicals, and Essential Oils as Alternative Larvicidal AgentsAgainst Mosquitoes. Front Physiol. 2020; 10: 1–21.
11. Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod. 2020; 83: 770–803.
12. Bangun A, Sarwono B. Khasiat & Manfaat Mengkudu. Agro Media Pustaka: Jakarta.2009.
13. Khanavi M, Najafi B, Sadati SN, Abai MR, Vatandoost H. Chemical constitute and larvicidal activity of fractions of Ajuga chamaecistus tomentella plant against malaria vector Anopheles stephensi. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2017; 11: 116–123.
14. Charisma SL, Susilawati Y, Muhtadi A, Sadino A. Separation of ethyl acetate fraction of mengkudu fruit (Morinda citrifolia L.) and its hypoglycemic activity by glucose tolerance method. Res J Chem Environ. 2019; 23: 4–9.
15. Prabakaran P, Sivasubramania C, Veeramani. R, Prabhu S. Review Study on Larvicidal and Mosquito Repellent Activity of Volatile Oils Isolated from Medicinal Plants. Int J Environ Agric Biotechnol. 2017; 2: 3132–3138.
16. WHO. Guidelines for Laboratory and Field Testing of Mosquito Larvicides. : Geneva.2005.
17. Wigati D, Anwar K, Sudarsono, Nugroho AE. Hypotensive Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Morinda citrifolia L. Leaves and Fruit in Dexamethasone-Induced Hypertensive Rat. J Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2017; 22: 107–113.
18. Fajriaty I, Ih H, Setyaningrum R. Uji Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bintangur (Calophyllum soula ri Burm . F). 2018; 7: 54–67.
19. Theodora CT, Gunawan IWG, Swantara IMD. Isolasi Dan Identifi kasi Golongan Flavonoid Pada Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.). J Kim. 2019; : 131
20. Yuda PESK, Cahyaningsih E, Winariyanthi NLPY. Skrining Fitokimia dan Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Ekstrak Tanaman Patikan Kebo (Euphorbia hirta L.). Medicamento. 2017; 3: 61–70.
21. Bogitsh BJ, Carter CE, Oeltmann TN. Antropods as Vector. Fourth Edi. Academic Press: Tokyo.2013.pp:349–379.
22. Henriques BS, Garcia ES, Azambuja P, Genta FA. Determination of Chitin Content in Insects: An Alternate Method Based on Calcofl uor Staining. Front Physiol. 2020; 11: 1–10.
23. Ferede G, Tiruneh M, Abate E, Kassa WJ, Wondimeneh Y, Damtie D et al. Distribution and larval breeding habitats of Aedes mosquito species in residential areas of northwest Ethiopia. Epidemiol Health. 2018; 40: e2018015.
24. Kauff man E, Payne A, Franke M, Schmid M, Harris E, Kramer L. Rearing of Culex spp. and Aedes spp. Mosquitoes. Bio-Protocol. 2017; 7. doi:10.21769/bioprotoc.2542.
25. Farnesi LC, Brito JM, Linss JG, Pelajo-Machado M, Valle D, Rezende GL. Physiological and morphological aspects of Aedes aegypti developing larvae: Eff ects of the chitin synthesis inhibitor novaluron. PLoS One. 2012; 7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030363.
26. Sasmita HI, Tu WC, Bong LJ, Neoh KB. Eff ects of larval diets and temperature regimes on life history traits, energy reserves and temperature tolerance of male Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae): optimizing rearing techniques for the sterile insect programmes. Parasites and Vectors. 2019; 12: 1–16.
27. Anonim. Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Kedua. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia: Jakarta.2017.
28. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Shanthakumar SP, Vincent S, Hwang JS. Larvicidal activity of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) (Family: Rubiaceae) leaf extract against Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res. 2012; 111: 1481–1490.
29. Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese Med (United Kingdom). 2018; 13: 1–26.
30. Nawaz H, Shad MA, Rehman N, Andaleeb H, Ullah N. Eff ect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemicals from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds. Brazilian J Pharm Sci. 2020; 56. doi:10.1590/s2175- 97902019000417129.
31. Yulianti L, Supriadin A, Rosahdi TD. Efek Larvasida Hasil Fraksinasi Ekstrak N-Heksana Daun Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata L.) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti. al-Kimiya. 2019; 4: 38–44.
32. Sere L, Arismianti N. Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) Terhadap Kematian Larva Aedes sp. Univ Muhammadiyah Semarang. 2018; : 6–24.
33. Linser PJ, Smith KE, Seron TJ, Oviedo MN. Carbonic anhydrases and anion transport in mosquito midgut pH regulation. J Exp Biol. 2009; 212: 1662.
34. Saboia-Vahia L, Borges-Veloso A, Mesquita-Rodrigues C, Cuervo P, Dias-Lopes G, Bri o C et al. Trypsin-like serine peptidase profi les in the egg, larval, and pupal stages of Aedes albopictus. Parasites and Vectors. 2013; 6: 1–11.
35. Elumalai D, Hemavathi M, Hemalatha P, Deepaa CV, Kaleena PK. Larvicidal activity of catechin isolated from Leucas aspera against Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res. 2016; 115: 1203–1212.
36. Zhang Q, Denlinger D. Molecular structure and expression analysis of the
prothoracicotropic hormone gene in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens in association with diapause and blood feeding feeding. Insect Mol Biol. 2012; 20:
201–213.
37. Rawani A, Ray AS, Ghosh A, Sakar M, Chandra G. Larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of Solanum nigrum against Culex vishnui group and Anopheles subpictus. BMC Res Notes. 2017; 10: 1–8.
38. Fernandes DA, Souza MSR, Teles YCF, Oliveira LHG, Lima JB, Conceição AS et al. New sulphated fl avonoids and larvicidal activity of helicteres velutina K. Schum (sterculiaceae). Molecules. 2018; 23: 1–11.
39. Raghav D, Mahanty S, Rathinasamy K. Biochemical and toxicological investigation of karanjin, a bio-pesticide isolated from Pongamia seed oil. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019; 157: 108–121.
Published
2021-12-28
How to Cite
1.
Awaluddin R, Sholihatin B, Marfu’ah N, Estikomah S. Aktivitas Larvasida Fraksi N-Heksan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia. L) terhadap Larva Aedes sp. ASP [Internet]. 28Dec.2021 [cited 23Apr.2024];13(2):137-46. Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/aspirator/article/view/4823
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