Bionomik Mansonia uniformis dan Mansonia dives sebagai Vektor Filariasis pada Beberapa Wilayah di Kalimantan
Abstract
Mansonia mosquitoes spread across the globe and several species as a vector. Ma. uniformis were known a vectors of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) and filariasis, while Ma. dives is vector of filariasis. This research aims to behavior of Ma. uniformis and Ma. dives in the form habits of blood sucking activity, resting behaviour and fluctuations density in several areas of Borneo. Natural population of Ma. uniformis and Ma. dives were collected by human landing collection and resting collection from 18:00 to 06:00 outdoor and indoor. The results showed bite activities. Ma. uniformis and Ma. dives in all areas of research are exophagic, while the rest conduct Ma. uniformis in the village Dadahup, Pulau Ku’u and Bangkal Ulu is indoor resting, while in Mandomai is outdoor resting. Behavior breaks Ma. dives in the area a lot more research that is indoor resting namely Mandomai and Bangkal Ulu Village, while the Dadahup village is exophilic. Highest fluctuations activity suck blood and rest on Ma. Uniformis in and out the house generally at 19.00 - 22.00, while at Ma. dives at 23.00 - 01.00. The behavior of mosquitoes is a difference, so the controlling method is also different.
ABSTRAK
Nyamuk Mansonia tersebar di seluruh dunia dan beberapa spesies berperan sebagai vektor penyakit. Mansonia uniformis diketahui berperan sebagai vektor Rift Valley Fever (RVF) dan filariasis, sedangkan Ma. dives berperan sebagai vektor filariasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas menghisap darah, perilaku istirahat, dan kepadatan fluktuasi setiap jam Ma. uniformis dan Ma. dives. Penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan di dalam dan luar rumah dengan metode human landing collection dan resting collection dari pukul 18.00 sampai 06.00. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas menghisap darah Ma. uniformis dan Ma. dives di semua daerah penelitian bersifat eksofagik, sedangkan perilaku istirahat Ma. uniformis di Desa Dadahup, Pulau Ku’u dan Bangkal Ulu bersifat indoor resting, sedangkan di Kelurahan Mandomai bersifat outdoor resting. Perilaku istirahat Ma. dives di daerah penelitian lebih banyak yang bersifat indoor resting yaitu Kelurahan Mandomai dan Desa Bangkal Ulu, sedangkan Desa Dadahup bersifat outdoor resting. Fluktuasi puncak aktivitas menghisap darah dan istirahat pada Ma. uniformis di dalam dan luar rumah umumnya pada pukul 19.00-22.00, sedangkan pada Ma. dives pada pukul 23.00-01.00. Perilaku nyamuk pada suatu daerah berbeda, sehingga metode pengendalian juga berbeda.
References
O’Connor CT, Sopa T. A checklist of the mosquitoes of Indonesia. Manila: Nav Med Res Unit no 2; 1981.
Day JF. Mosquito oviposition behavior and vector control. Insects. 2016;7(4): E65
Lok, J. B., Walker, E. D., & Scoles GA. Filariasis in medical entomology (pp. 299-375). Dordrecht: Springer; 2000. 299-375 p.
World Health Organization. Lymphatic filariasis practical entomology. glob program to elimin lymphat filariasis. Genewa: WHO; 2013.pp 1–107.
Santoso S, Yahya Y, Salim M. Penentuan jenis nyamuk Mansonia sebagai tersangka vektor filariasis Brugia malayi dan hewan zoonosis di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Media Litbangkes [Internet]. 2014;24(4):181–90. Available from: http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/MPK/article/view/3671
Ambarita LP. Aktivitas menggigit Mansonia uniformis (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kabupaten Batanghari, Provinsi Jambi. J Buski. 2015;5(3):140–8.
Ughasi J, Bekard HE, Coulibaly M, Adabie-Gomez D, Gyapong J, Appawu M, et al. Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are Vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana. Parasites and Vectors. 2012;5(1):1–5.
Adeleke MA, Adebimpe WO, Hassan AWO, Oladejo SO, Olaoye I, Olatunde GO, et al. Larval habitats of mosquito fauna in Osogbo metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013;3(9):673–7.
Kouassi BL, De Souza DK, Goepogui A, Narh CA, King SA, Mamadou BS, et al. Assessing the presence of Wuchereria bancrofti in vector and human populations from urban communities in Conakry, Guinea. Parasites and Vectors [Internet]. 2015;8(1):1–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-015-1077-x
Chang MS, Chan KL, ho BC, Hawley WA. Comparative transmission potential of three Mansonia spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) for filariasis in Sarawak, Malaysia. Bull Entomol Res. 1991;81(4):437–44.
Paisal, Ridha M.R. Annida, Sembiring W. Identifikasi vektor dan vektor potensial filariasis di Kabupaten Kapuas Kalimantan Tengah. Laporan akhir penelitian. Tanah Bumbu: Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu; 2015.
Safitri A, Ridha MR. Konfirmasi vektor filariasis di Kalimantan Selatan. Laporan penelitian. Tanah Bumbu: Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu; 2011.
Waris L. Ridha MR. Windy TY. Survei investigasi filarisis di Kabupaten Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur. Laporan penelitian. Tanah Bumbu: Balai Litbang P2B2 Tanah Bumbu; 2012.
Sitorus H, Santoso S, Budiyanto A, Ambarita LP HN. Keanekaragaman spesies nyamuk di wilayah endemis filariasis di Kabupaten Banyuasin dan endemis malaria di Oku Selatan. BALABA. 2015;11(2):97–104.
Puspawati, Satoto TBT, Wijayanti MA. The study of fauna and vectorial competency of mosquito (Diptera : Culicidae) at Satu’un Village, Muara Uya Subdistrict, Tabalong District, South Kalimantan Province. J Med Sci. 2011;43(2):126–32.
Kumar NP, Sabesan S, Panicker KN. The resting and house frequenting behavior of Mansonia annulifera, Ma. uniformis and Ma. indiana, the vectors of Malayan filariasis in Kerala State, India. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1992;23(2):324–7.
Peter WP, Robert FD, Micky DES, Deborah LFIK. Insect ecology: behavior, populations and communities. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ Press; 2011.
Sternberg ED, Thomas MB. Local adaptation to temperature and the implications for Vector-Borne Diseases. Trends Parasitol [Internet]. 2014;30(3):115–22. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.010
Ondiba IM, Oyieke FA, Ong GO. Diversity and distribution of mosquitoes transmitting malaria and rift valley fever in Baringo County , Kenya. 2010;(54):20278.
Khan SA, Chowdhury P, Choudhury P, Dutta P. Detection of west nile virus in six mosquito species in synchrony with seroconversion among sentinel chickens in India. Parasites and Vectors [Internet]. 2017;10(1):1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1948-9
Linthicum KJ, Britch SC, Anyamba A. Rift valley fever: an emerging mosquito-borne disease. Annu Rev Entomol [Internet]. 2016;61(1):395–415. Available from: http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev-ento-010715-023819
McNulty SN, Mitreva M, Weil GJ, Fischer PU. Inter and intra-specific diversity of parasites that cause lymphatic filariasis. Infect Genet Evol [Internet]. 2013;14(1):137–46. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2012.11.002
Carl SL, Victor TK, Lumholtz C. Through Central Borneo: an account of two years’ travel in the land of the head-hunters between the years 1913 and 1917. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2012.
Haryuningtyas D, Subekti DT. Deteksi mikrofilaria / larva cacing Brugia malayi pada nyamuk dengan polimerace chain reaction. JITV. 2008;13(3):240–8.
Cano J, Rebollo MP, Golding N, Pullan RL, Crellen T, Soler A, et al. The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present. Parasites and Vectors. 2014;7(1):1–19.
Bai L, Morton LC, Liu Q. Climate change and mosquito-borne diseases in China: a review. Global Health. 2013;9(1):1–22.
Paaijmans KP, Thomas MB. Relevant temperatures in mosquito and malaria biology. In: Takken D, Koenraadt CJM, editors. Ecology of parasite-vector Interactions. Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers;2013.p.103–21.
Mala AO, Irungu LW, Mitaki EK, Shililu JI, Mbogo CM, Njagi JK, et al. Gonotrophic cycle duration, fecundity and parity of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes during an extended period of dry weather in a semi arid area in Baringo County, Kenya. Int J Mosq Res . 2014;1(2):28–34.
Uttah EC, Iboh CI, Ajang R, Osim SE, Etta H. Physiological age composition of female anopheline mosquitoes in an area endemic for malaria and filariasis. Int J Sci Res Publ [Internet]. 2013;3(7):2250–3153. Available from: www.ijsrp.org
WHO. Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: managing morbidity and preventing disability. France: World Heal Organ: 2013.p1–69.
McGreevy PB, Bryan JH, Oothuman P, Kolstrup N. The lethal effects of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures of mosquitoes on microfilariae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1978;72(4):361–8.
Kirti JS, Kaur N, Kaur S. Study on cibarial armature and sense organs of Armigeres subalbatus (Coquillett) with scanning electron microscope (Diptera : Culicidae). Int J Appl Res. 2015;1(9):335–7.
Rani S. Comparative studies on the basis of cibarial armature of Anopheles (Cellia) Pulcherrimus Theobald And Anopheles (Cellia) Annularis Van Der Wulp. Appl Res J. 2015;1(3)160–3
Copyright (c) 2018 BALABA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article shall be assigned to BALABA .
Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all forms and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases, and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic, and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc., will be allowed only with written permission from BALABA.
BALABA, the Editors, and the Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in this journal.
Click here to download Copyright Transfer Form.
