Keanekaragaman Jenis dan Perilaku Nyamuk pada Daerah Endemis Filariasis di Kabupaten Barito Kuala, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Abstract
Barito Kuala District is one of filariasis endemic area with two mosquito species known as Brugia malayi vector: Culex quinquefasciatus and Mansonia uniformis. Hence, it was necessary to conduct a study in endemic areas of filariasis in Barito Kuala to explore further about diversity of mosquito species and their biting activity. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design performed in two filariasis endemic villages. Mosquitoes were collected by Hand Catches and Human Landing Collection method. There were 12 mosquitoes species of 3 genus found in Antar Raya Village with Cx. tritaeniorhynchus as the most dominant species, while 10 mosquitoes species of 4 genus found in Karya Jadi Village with Ma. uniformis as dominant species. Mansonia uniformis and Cx. quinquefasciatus which found in this study indicated as risk factor for filariasis transmission. Biting activity of Ma. uniformis increased in the afternoon and the morning, while Cx. quinquefasciatus was vary, both endophilic and exophilic.
ABSTRAK
Kabupaten Barito Kuala merupakan salah satu daerah endemis filariasis tipe Brugia malayi dengan 2 spesies nyamuk sebagai vektor yaitu Culex quinquefasciatus dan Mansonia uniformis. Perlu dilakukan penelitian di daerah endemis filariasis di Kabupaten Barito Kuala untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut keanekaragaman jenis nyamuk dan aktivitas nyamuk menghisap darah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain potong lintang, dilakukan di dua desa endemis filariasis. Nyamuk dikumpulkan dengan metode Hand Catches dan Human Landing Collection. Jenis nyamuk yang ditemukan di Desa Antar Raya terdiri atas 12 spesies dari 3 genus. Spesies yang paling mendominasi adalah Cx. tritaeniorhynchus sedangkan di Desa Karya Jadi ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies nyamuk dari 4 genus dengan spesies yang paling mendominasi yaitu Ma. uniformis. Ditemukannya Ma. Uniformis dan Cx. quinquefasciatus di wilayah penelitian mengindikasi daerah tersebut berisiko terjadi penularan filariasis. Aktivitas nyamuk Ma. uniformis menghisap darah pada sore dan pagi hari, sedangkan Cx. quinquefasciatus bervariasi dan bersifat endofilik dan eksofilik.
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