Resistensi Aedes aegypti terhadap Insektisida Kelompok Organopospat dan Sintetik Piretroid di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Provinsi Jambi
Abstract
Vector control using insecticide is a major effort to control Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. The excessive use of insecticides leads to insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti. This study aimed to determine the resistance status of Aedes aegypti in North Sumatra and Jambi Province to malathion, deltametrin, cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin and alpha cypermethrin. A cross sectional study was conducted during 2015, the research location covers North Sumatera area (Tebing Tinggi, Deli Serdang, and Pematang Siantar) and Jambi (Muaro Jambi, Jambi, and Batang Hari). Susceptibility test using WHO kits was applied on F1 generation and interview with Local Public Health Officer was carried out to obtain information about the usage of insecticide in both provinces. Resistance to malathion, cypermethrin, and lambda cyhaltorhin was observed in Ae. aegypti populations from all study area. Tolerant status to deltamethrin only found in Aedes aegypti from Deli Serdang, whilst the other strains were resistant. Ae. aegypti population from all study area were tolerant to alpha cypermethrin. Malathion and cypermethrin were the only insecticide ever used in both provinces. We conclude that alpha cypermethrin was effective to combat Ae. aegypti and can be used as an alternative insecticide for dengue control program in Northern Sumatera and Jambi Province.
ABSTRAK
Demam Berdarah Dengue masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Jambi. Pengendalian vektor menggunakan insektisida merupakan upaya andalan untuk menekan angka insiden DBD. Penggunaan insektisida yang kurang terkontrol dapat berakibat terjadi resistensi pada Aedes aegypti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui status resistensi Aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida yang digunakan meliputi: malathion, deltametrin, cypermethrin, lambda cyhalothrin dan alpha cypermethrin. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional, penelitian tahun 2015. Lokasi penelitian meliputi wilayah Sumatera Utara (Tebing Tinggi, Deli Serdang, dan Pematang Siantar) dan Jambi (Muaro Jambi, Jambi, dan Batang Hari). Uji resistensi menggunakan kit standar WHO diterapkan pada Ae. aegypti betina dewasa generasi F1. Wawancara dengan pengelola program di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang penggunaan insektisida pada program pengendalian Ae. aegypti di kedua provinsi. Hasil pengujian Aedes aegypti sudah resisten terhadap malathion, cypermethrin, dan lambda cyhalothrin di semua lokasi penelitian. Di Deli Serdang Ae.aegypti masih toleran terhadap deltamethrin dan Ae.aegypti masih toleran terhadap alpha cypermethrin di semua lokasi penelitian. Insektisida yang sering digunakan di kedua provinsi adalah malathion dan cypermethrin. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu alpha cypermethrin masih efektif untuk mengendalikan Ae.aegypti dan bisa dijadikan insektisida alternatif untuk program pengendalian demam berdarah Provinsi Sumatera Utara dan Jambi.
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