Gambaran Epidemiologi Peningkatan Kasus Chikungunya di Desa Kajongan Kecamatan Bojongsari Kabupaten Purbalingga
Abstract
Purbalingga is one of the chikungunya endemic districts which have cases increased until April in 2021 as many as 512 cases from the previous 116 cases in 2020. One of the areas of the increasing case occurred in Kajongan Village, Bojongsari Subdistrict. This study aims were to describe chikungunya cases, identify sources of transmission, and risk factors for increased chikungunya cases. A case-control design was performed in Kajongan Village in March 2021. The sample consisted of 36 cases and 36 controls. Cases are patients with suspected chikungunya, controls are people who are not chikungunya suspects who live close to the suspected case. Data was collected by blood specimen collection, larvae survey, interviews and examination using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results showed that the peak of case transmission occurred in the fourth week of February 2021. The main symptoms are fever and joint pain. Of the 21 blood samples examined, 19 (90.5%) tested positive for Chikungunya virus. Of the 9 pools Aedes sp. analyzed, 1 pool tested also positive Chikungunya virus. Chi-square analysis showed that the presence of larvae in container (p-value=0.03; OR=3.5; 95% CI=0.953-24.746) and mosquito nest eradication has not carried out routinely (p-value=0.04; OR=4.8; 95% CI=0.953-24.746) have been identified as a potential risk factor. The increasing of chikungunya cases in Kajongan Village was a local transmission supported by Chikungunya virus was detected in mosquitoes.
References
2. Sitepu FY, Suprayogi A, Pramono D, Harapan H, Mudatsir M. Epidemiological investigation of chikungunya outbreak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal. 2020;8(1):113-6. doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2019.05.005.
3. Harapan H, Michie A, Mudatsir M, Nusa R, Yohan B, Wagner AL, et al. Chikungunya virus infection in Indonesia: a systematic review and evolutionary analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):1-20. doi:10.1186/s12879-019-3857-y.
4. Fred A, Fianu A, Béral M, Guernier V, Sissoko D, Méchain M, et al. Individual and contextual risk factors for chikungunya virus infection: The SEROCHIK cross-sectional population-based study. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;146(8):1056-64. doi:10.1017/S0950268818000341.
5. Stubbs SCB, Johar E, Yudhaputri FA, Yohan B, Santoso MS, Hayati RF, et al. An investigation into the epidemiology of chikungunya virus across neglected regions of Indonesia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis.
2020;14(12):1-17. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008934.
6. Natrajan MS, Rojas A, Waggoner JJ. Beyond fever and pain: diagnostic methods for chikungunya virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2019;57(6):1-14. doi:10.1128/JCM.00350-19.
7. Alayu M, Teshome T, Amare H, Kinde S, Belay D, Assefa Z. Risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak in Somali Region of Ethiopia, 2019: unmatched case-control study. Adv Virol. 2021. doi:10.1155/2021/8847906.
8. Arif M, Tauran P, Kosasih H, Pelupessy NM, Sennang N, Mubin RH, et al. Chikungunya in Indonesia: epidemiology and diagnostic challenges. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(6):1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008355.
9. Heath CJ, Grossi-Soyster EN, Ndenga BA, Mutuku FM, Sahoo MK, Ngugi HN, et al. Evidence of transovarial transmission of chikungunya and dengue viruses in fieldcaught mosquitoes in Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(6):1-17. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008362.
10. Chompoosri J, Thavara U, Tawatsin A, Boonserm R, Phumee A, Sangkitporn S, et al. Vertical transmission of Indian Ocean Lineage of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Parasites and Vectors. 2016;9(1):1-13. doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1505-6.
11. Shanmugaraj B, Malla A, Ramalingam S. Epidemiology, clinical features and transmission of re-emerging arboviral infection chikungunya. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2019;9(4):135-9. doi:10.4103/2221-1691.256726.
12. Sanyaolu A, Okorie C, Badaru O, Wynveen E, Wallace W, Akl J, et al. Chikungunya epidemiology: a global perspective. SM J 0f Public Heal Epidemiol. 2016;2(2):1028.
13. Pham P, Williams L, Obot U, Padilla L, Aung M, Akinyemiju T, et al. Epidemiology of chikungunya fever outbreak in Western Jamaica during July-December 2014. Res Rep Trop Med. 2017;8:7-16. doi:10.2147/rrtm.s122032.
14. Fitriana DI, Kusmintarsih ES, Ambarningrum TB. Deteksi molekuler virus Dengue dan Chikungunya pada nyamuk Aedes spp. di Kecamatan Cilongok. BioEksakta J Ilm Biol Unsoed.2020;2(2):181.doi:10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.2.1815.
15. Lukito DB, Primadanti SJ, Permata RA, Wulan WC. Hubungan faktor perilaku dan lingkungan dengan kejadian luar biasa suspek chikungunya di Desa Jasri, Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Karangasem I, Kabupaten Karangasem tahun 2017. Saintika Med. 2018;14(2):92-7. doi:10.22219/sm.vol14.smumm2.7288.
16. Kumar, A. Chikungunya: an emerging threat. J Adv Med. 2018;7(1):7-12. doi:10.30954/2277-9744.1.2018.2.
17. Kumar MS, Kamaraj P, Khan SA, Allam RR, Barde PV, Dwibedi B, et al. Seroprevalence of chikungunya virus infection in India, 2017: a cross-sectional population-based serosurvey. The Lancet Microbe. 2021;2(1):e41-e47. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30175-0.
18. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2020.
19. Pratama AD, Pawenang ET. Analisis faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik kejadian penyakit chikungunya. Higeia J Public Heal. 2017;1(3):12-20. Available from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/higeia/article/view/14051.
20. Pratamawati DA, Widiarti. Kejadian luar biasa chikungunya di Kabupaten Lombok Barat-Nusa Tenggara Barat ditinjau dari faktor lingkungan rumah dan perilaku. Spirakel. 2017;9(1):1-9. doi:10.22435/spirakel.v8i2.6242.
21. Perwitasari D, RES RN, Ariati J. Indeks entomologi dan sebaran vektor demam berdarah dengue di Provinsi Maluku Utara tahun 2015. Media Penelit dan Pengemb Kesehat. 2018;28(4):279-88. doi:10.22435/mpk.v28i4.242.
22. Perwitasari D, Lasut D, Nusa R. Indikator entomologi dan status resistensi jentik dan nyamuk Aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida rumah tangga di tiga kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Vektor Penyakit. 2019;13(2):97-106. doi: 10.22435/vektorp.v13i2.931.
23. Sari K, Myint KSA, Andayani AR, Adi PD, Dhenni R, Perkasa A, et al. Chikungunya fever outbreak identified in North Bali, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2017;111(5):325-7. doi:10.1093/TRSTMH/TRX054.
Copyright (c) 2021 BALABA
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article shall be assigned to BALABA .
Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all forms and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms, and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases, and its transmission by any form or media, such as electronic, electrostatic, and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc., will be allowed only with written permission from BALABA.
BALABA, the Editors, and the Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in this journal.
Click here to download Copyright Transfer Form.