Studi Laboratorium Siklus Hidup Anopheles vagus Pradewasa sebagai Vektor Filariasis dan Malaria di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

  • Varry Lobo Loka Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Waikabubak, Jalan Basuki Rahmat KM 5, Puu weri - Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
  • Hanani Melangwala Laumalay Loka Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Waikabubak, Jalan Basuki Rahmat KM 5, Puu weri - Sumba Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia
Keywords: life cycle, Anopheles vagus, vector

Abstract

Anopheles vagus is one of the vectors that plays an essential role in malaria infection in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This vector’s density is related to population dynamics and the environment.  The high population density is fluctuated according to the birth and death rate of the mosquitos on their life cycle. This is an observational study that employed a cross-sectional design aimed to identify the life cycle of pre-adult An. vagus mosquitos. The sample was collected from Manggarai Barat and Kupang regions. Sample was taken from around cattle’s cages between 6.00pm-12.00am and were the ones that have sucked cattle’s blood. Identification and colonization were conducted in Loka Litbangkes Waikabubak Laboratory. Data was collected through an hourly observation form and then analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that an adult An.vagus could produce 42-184 eggs each time it laid eggs with 79% hatching rate succeed. The life cycle of an An.vagus under a controlled environment in the laboratory was as following phases: egg (1-4 days), larvae (9-19 days), pupa (1-8 days). Anopheles vagus needed an average of 57.2 minutes to mate and 13 hours to suck blood after the mating process. The highest death rate (28.05%) occurred in instar IVof larvae stage. Pre-adult of An. vagus needed 11-31 days in with the environment that conditioned at 21.1°C and 74.3% humidity for their development,while the highest death rate observed at instar IV.

References

1. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Riset khusus vektora (part of journey, for a dignity) periode II. Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016.

2. Adnyana NWD. Pemetaan kasus dan vektor filariasis di Pulau Sumba Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Waikabubak;2014.

3. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2016. Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2017.

4. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Situasi filariasis di Indonesia tahun 2015. Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016. 1-7 p.

5. Kazwaini M, Laumalay HM, Triana E, Tangkuyah JE. Pemetaan vektor malaria di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara tahun 2013. Laporan Penelitian. Badan Litbang Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.

6. Srikandi Y. Penentuan kapasitas vektorial Anopheles spp. di Desa Rejeki Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi Sulawesi Tengah. J Kesehat Masy. 2015;3(1):213–28.

7. Astuti EP, Ipa M, Prasetyowati H, Fuadzy H, Dhewantara PW. Kapasitas vektor dan laju inokulasi entomologis Anopheles vagus dari wilayah endemis malaria di Provinsi Banten. J Vektora. 2016;8(1):23–30.

8. Pratama GY. Nyamuk Anopheles sp. dan faktor yang mempengaruhi di Kecamatan Rajabasa, Lampung Selatan. Medical Journal of Lampung University. 2015;4(1):20–7.

9. Hadi M, Tarwotjo U, Rahadian R. Biologi insekta entomologi. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu; 2009.

10. Munif A, Ariati Y. Tabel kehidupan Anopheles aconitus di laboratorium. Media Litbang Kesehatan. 2007;17(2):1–7.

11. Barodji, Sumardi, Suwaryono T, Rahardjo, Mujiono, Priyanto H. Beberapa aspek bionomik vektor malaria dan filariasis Anopheles subpictus grassi di Kecamatan Tanjung Bunga, Flores Timur, NTT. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan. 2000;27(2):268–81.

12. Davidson G. The Anophelines of India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1984;78(5):630.

13. Barodji, Sularto T, Haryanto B, Widiarti, Pradhan GD, Shaw RF. Life cycle study of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus donitz in the laboratory. J Bul Penelit Kesehat. 1985;13(1):1–7.

14. Munif A, Sukirno M, Mardiana. Tabel kehidupan Anopheles farauti sebagai pendukung analisis epidemiologi penyakit tular vektor di laboratorium. J Media Litbang Kesehat. 2005;15(4):12–9.

15. Villarreal-treviño C, Vásquez GM, López-sifuentes VM, Escobedo-vargas K, Huayanay-repetto A, Linton Y, et al. Establishment of a free-mating , long-standing and highly productive laboratory colony of Anopheles darlingi from the Peruvian Amazon. Malar J. 2015;14:227. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0733-0.

16. Davies C, Coetzee M, Lyons CL. Effect of stable and fluctuating temperatures on the life history traits of Anopheles arabiensis and An . quadriannulatus under conditions of inter- and intra-specific competition. J Parasites & Vectors. 2016;9:342. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1630-2.
17. Sari WA, Setyaningrum E, Murwani S. Hubungan keragaman dan kepadatan plankton dengan kepadatan larva nyamuk Anopheles sp. vektor penyebab malaria di Desa Lempasing Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran. Prosiding seminar nasional pengembangan teknologi pertanian Politeknik Negeri Lampung; 2014. p. 332–42.

18. Christiansen-jucht CD, Parham PE, Saddler A, Koella JC, Basáñez MG. Larval and adult environmental temperatures influence the adult reproductive traits of Anopheles gambiae s.s. J Parasites & Vectors. 2015;8:456. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1053-5.

19. Gunandini UKHDJ, Sugiarto SS. Effect of temperatures on pre-adult development and gonotrophic cycle of Anopheles aconitus (Diptera : Culicidae), malaria vector ini Indonesia. Prosiding seminar hasil-hasil penelitian IPB 2009;2009. p. 384–92.

20. Porretta D, Mastrantonio V, Crasta G, Bellini R, Comandatore F, Rossi P, et al. Intra-instar larval cannibalism in Anopheles gambiae (s .s.) and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera : Culicidae). J Parasites&Vectors. 2016;9:566. doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1850-5.

21. Huang J, Miller JR, Walker ED. Cannibalism of egg and neonate larvae by late stage conspecifics of (Diptera : Culicidae): implications for ovipositional studies. J Med Entomol. 2018;55(4):801-7. doi:10.1093/jme/tjy059.

22. Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Modul entomologi malaria. Jakarta: Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan; 2013.

23. Facchinelli L, Valerio L, Lees RS, Oliva CF, Persampieri T, Collins CM, et al. Stimulating Anopheles gambiae swarms in the laboratory: application for behavioural and fitness studies. Malar J. 2015;14:271. doi: 10.1186/s12936-015-0792-2.

24. Mamai W, Somda NSB, Maiga H, Juarez JG, Muosa ZAI, Ali AB, et al. Optimization of mosquito egg production under mass rearing setting : effects of cage volume, blood meal source and adult population density for the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis. Malar J. 2017;16(41):1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12936-017-1685-3.


25. Kusuma U, Widyanto A. Deskripsi bionomik nyamuk Anopheles sp. di wilayah Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Pangandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2016. Buletin Keslingmas. 2016;35(4):278–396. doi: 10.31983/keslingmas.v35i4.3103.

26. Indriyati L, Sembiring WSR, Rosanji A. Keanekaragaman Anopheles spp. di daerah endemis malaria Desa Siayuh (trans) Kabupaten Kotabaru Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan. Aspirator. 2017;9(1):11-20.

27. Budiyanto A, Ambarita LP, Salim M. Konfirmasi Anopheles sinensis dan Anopheles vagus sebagai vektor malaria di Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Aspirator. 2017;9(2):51–60.

28. Mahdalena V, Hapsari N, Ni’mah T. Keragaman jenis dan aktivitas mengisap darah Anopheles spp. di Desa Simpang Empat Kecamatan Lengkiti Ogan Komering Ulu Sumatera Selatan. J Aspirator. 2016;8(1):9-16.

29. Rahmawati E, Hadi UK, Soviana S. Keanekaragaman jenis dan perilaku menggigit vektor malaria (Anopheles spp.) di Desa Lifuleo, Kecamatan Kupang Barat, Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. J Entomol Indones. 2014;11(2):53–64. doi:10.5994/jei.11.2.53.

30. Muhammad R, Sovianan S, Hadi UK. Keanekaragaman jenis dan karakteristik habitat nyamuk Anopheles spp. di Desa Datar Luas, Kabupaten Aceh Jaya, Provinsi Aceh. J Entomol Indones. 2015;12(3):139-48. doi:10.5994/jei.12.3.139.
Published
2019-06-28
How to Cite
1.
Lobo V, Laumalay H. Studi Laboratorium Siklus Hidup Anopheles vagus Pradewasa sebagai Vektor Filariasis dan Malaria di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. blb [Internet]. 28Jun.2019 [cited 29Mar.2024];15(1):61-8. Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/blb/article/view/924
Section
Articles