BALABA: JURNAL LITBANG PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BERSUMBER BINATANG BANJARNEGARA

FRONT MATTER BALABA VOL 18 NO 2 DESEMBER 2022

2023-01-30T07:35:10SE Asia Standard Time

Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia

2023-01-30T07:35:11SE Asia Standard Time

Lymphatic filariasis is an infectious disease caused by filarial worms and transmitted by mosquitoes. Pekalongan City is the highest filariasis endemic area caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in Central Java. This is indicated by the microfilaria rate of 2.8% in 2016. To reduce the number of filariasis cases, mass drug administration has been carried out since 2011. The aim of the study was to describe the epidemiology of the distribution of filariasis endemic areas, microfilaria rate, treatment coverage. mass and the correlation of sociodemographic factors with the incidence of filariasis. The research variables used secondary data in the form of filariasis cases, education, population density, gender and land use. Data analysis used Spearman's correlation. The results showed that cases of filariasis were spread across all districts with an increasing number of endemic areas during 2011-2016. Efforts to mass treatment have not been successful (mf rate > 1% and treatment coverage < 65%) and must be repeated in 2017-2019. Sociodemographic factors were not related to the incidence of clinical or chronic cases of filariasis. To accelerate the achievement of filariasis elimination, it is necessary to add vector control efforts in integrated filariasis management.

Efektivitas Filtrat Daun Cengkih (Syzygium aromaticum) sebagai Repellent terhadap Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica) dengan Metode Space Spraying

2023-01-30T07:35:12SE Asia Standard Time

The house fly is a mechanical vector for spreading diseases. Controlling flies using chemical repellents continuously could results in resistance to flies. The other alternative is using clove leave filtrate as a natural repellent. The content of clove leaves that have function as a repellent are: eugenol, saponins, and flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of clove leaf filtrate as a natural repellent against house flies. The space spraying method was carried out with an air diffuser and exposed for 6 hours. This type of research uses a simple quasi-experiment with a post test only control group design. The study used clove leaf concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, aquadest, and was replicated 6 times. The number of house flies used are 600. The result showed that the average flies that refused bait on the control was 28%, the concentration of 10% was 61.3%, 15% was 84%, and 20% was 91.3%. The results of the One Way Anova test, stated the p-value of 0.000 (<0.05), which means that there is a difference in the average number of house flies that refuse bait.The conclusion of this study is that clove leaf filtrate is effective as a house fly repellent.

Systematic Review: Prevalensi dan Dampak Infeksi Malaria pada Wanita Hamil dan Neonatal

2023-01-30T07:35:13SE Asia Standard Time

Globally, malaria cases in the world reached 241 million cases in 2020 and increase from the previous year. Malaria infection in pregnant women was reported in 33 countries, and the cases were estimated at 11.6 million (34%). Malaria infection can increase maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, including anemia in pregnancy, low birth weight, premature birth, stillbirth, and small gestation age, and congenital malaria. This article discusses pregnant women's malaria infection prevalence and maternal and neonatal outcomes. This paper is a systematic review by searching for articles using electronic databases from Pubmed and ScienceDirect using keywords “Malaria” and “Pregnancy” or “Pregnant Women” and “Outcome” or “Impact” and “Maternal” or “Neonatal”. The selection of articles used the PRISMA guidelines which were then analyzed in a narrative manner. Based on the article search results obtained 10 articles that meet the criteria for analysis. The prevalence of malaria infection in pregnancy is still high. Reported outcomes in pregnancy, birth, and neonates include preterm birth, low birth weight, small gestation age, maternal anemia, and maternal and neonatal mortality. The role of health workers is very important to prevent malaria infection in pregnancy so that it does not result in adverse health impacts for maternal and neonatal.

Efektivitas Ikan Asin, Limbah Ikan dan Umpan Alami Sebagai Umpan Lalat pada Perangkap Lalat Ramah Lingkungan (Eksperimen Lapangan di Kandang Ternak Rumah Pemotongan Hewan Pegirian Surabaya Tahun 2022)

2023-01-30T07:35:14SE Asia Standard Time

Density of flies was a health problem that must be controlled so as not to cause health problems. One of the control methods was by physically controlling using ecofriendly flytrap with organic bait, namely fish waste, which is a salted fish and natural bait. The research objective was to analyze the effectiveness of fish waste, salted fish, and natural bait as fly bait on ecofriendly flytrap. This type of research is quasi-experimental using the post test group design. The results of the data were based on the calculation of the number of flies and measurements of physical environmental factors in the field for 9 days. Then, the data were analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis statistical test with α of 5%. The results showed that fish waste bait attracted more flies than salted fish bait and natural bait, while statistical tests showed that there were differences in the number of flies caught in fly traps with various baits according to the hypothesis, namely p value <0.05. Fish waste was effectively used as bait in an ecofriendly flytrap.

Peran Pengambil Kebijakan dan Masyarakat dalam Pencegahan Penularan Filariasis (Studi Kualitatif)

2023-01-30T07:35:15SE Asia Standard Time

Filariasis is still a health problem in East TanjungJabung and Belitung regencies even though mass treatment activities have been carried out for five rounds. Both districts are still endemic for filariasis because the Microfilaria rate (Mf rate) is still more than 1%. This study aims to identify the role of the community of various parties in controlling filariasisin Tanjung Jabung Timur and Belitung regencies. The research design is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Informants for the in-depth interviews were health workers at the district, sub-district and village levels as well as the village community. The number of health worker informants was 10 people, 16 community leaders, 16 cadres, and 9 sufferers, while the FGD consisted of 4 groups. Each group consists of 7 participants. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and group discussions and the data were analyzed qualitatively. Recruitment of informants for determining in-depth interviews using the snow ball method. The results showed that the roles of officers and policy makers in TanjungJabung Timur Regency were quite good, but in Belitung Regency they were less involved. Meanwhile, the role of community leaders in Indonesia is still not optimal in controlling filariasisespecially in disseminating information about filariasis. Therole of community leaders in East Tanjung Jabung Regency is more powerful than Belitung Regency. Filariasis control activities still need support from policy makers in allocating budgets and the role of community leaders to mobilize the community to be actively involved in controlling filariasis.

Analisis Spasial Pengaruh House Index dengan Kasus DBD di Kecamatan Bangilan Kabupaten Tuban

2023-01-30T07:35:17SE Asia Standard Time

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Tuban Regency was an important health problem. Bangilan sub-district is a sub-district in Tuban Regency which has high dengue cases. The Bangilan Health Center has not used mapping or spatial analysis in its surveillance activities for dengue cases. Disease mapping is useful in assisting surveillance activities and making it easier for us to find out the spread of the house index in each village area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial house index with dengue cases in Bangilan District, Tuban Regency. This type of research is descriptive analytic. The population in this study is a house around DHF patients with a radius of 100 m from the patient's house in Bangilan District, with a total sample of 774 houses. The research variables were cases of DHF and house index. DHF cases in 2020-2022 were obtained from secondary data from the Bangilan Health Center, while the house index was obtained from the larvae survey results. The data were analyzed to determine the effect of the house index and dengue cases using the GeoDa application. The results showed that the average house index in Bangilan District was 20.8% which according to WHO was high. The pattern of spread of DHF cases is random with an Average Nearest Neighbor value = 1 and the results of Moran's Index (I) = 0.061, meaning that there is a strong spatial autocorrelation effect on the house index with DHF cases.

Potential of Leaf Extracts Sonneratia alba and Avicennia alba as a Biolarvacide of Aedes aegypti Mosquito

2023-01-30T07:35:19SE Asia Standard Time

The continuous use of synthetic larvacides as an effort to control the vector mosquito population of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) can cause negative impacts on the environment and humans. Bioactive compounds from animals and plants can be used as an alternative to natural larvacides (biolarvacides). Mangrove species Sonneratia alba and Avicennia alba are known to have several bioactive types, so they are potential as biolarvacides. This study aimed to determine the potential of S. alba and A. alba leaf extracts as biolarvacides against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This research was true experimental with a post-test-only group design. The larvicidal toxicity test of the leaf extracts of S. alba and A. alba against Ae. aegypti larvae to obtain the LC₅₀ value was carried out by treating the extract concentrations at 500 ppm, 1,000 ppm, and 1,500 ppm. Synthetic larvicide (abate) was used as a positive control and Aquadest as a negative control. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and statistically (probit analysis). The results showed that the leaf extracts of S. alba and A. alba had potential as biolarvacides. Based on the LC₅₀ value, the extracts of A. alba (LC₅₀: 1,053 ppm) were more potent as biolarvacides than the extracts of S. alba (LC₅₀: 14,112 ppm). Physical damage and behavioral changes in mosquito larvae movement indicated that the toxicity of A. alba leaf extract was acute while that of S. alba leaf extract was chronic.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum Linn) Terhadap Mortalitas Larva Aedes aegypti

2023-01-30T07:35:20SE Asia Standard Time

Basil leaf (Ocimum sanctum Linn) are known to have the ability as natural larvicides because there are various compounds including tannins, eugenol, flavonoids, essential oils, hexauronic acid, saponins, pentose, xylose, metal homocytic acid, mulludistin, ursolic acid and methyl clavical. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of basil leaf extract (O. sanctum Linn) on mortality of Aedes agypti larvae. This research is a true experimental type with posttest only with control group design. Aedes aegypti larvae obtained from Balitbangkes Banjarnegara were used in this study as many as 450 larvae. This study consisted of 6 groups with 2 control groups (positive control/temefos 1% and negative control/distilled water) and 4 other groups receiving treatment with basil leaf extract concentrations of 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, and 2.4%. Each group contained 25 larvae of Ae. aegypti with three repetitions and observation time with 10th, 40th, 60th, 120th, 240, 720, and 1440 minute intervals. Larval mortality of Ae. aegypti occurred from the 120th minute with a concentration of 2.4% with a mortality percentage of 5.6%. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test showed that there were differences in the mortality of Ae. aegypti at 60, 120, 240, 720, and 1440 minutes. The LC50 value was 2.329% at 720 minutes while the LC90 test was 7.043% at 720 minutes. Basil leaf extract has not been effective as a larvicide because mortality occurred from the 120th minute.

Uji Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Terhadap Insektisida Permethrin di Kota Binjai Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2022

2023-01-30T07:35:21SE Asia Standard Time

The control effort of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is transmitted by the Aedes sp. infected with the Dengue virus, of which can be done by fogging. The active ingredient for fogging generally uses the insecticide permethrin. This study aimed to identify the resistance status of DHF vectors to the insecticide permethrin in controlling DHF vectors. The method of collecting Aedes sp. larvae was carried out in 100 residents' houses in neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province by observing each water reservoir that has the potential to become a breeding ground for Aedes sp. Aedes sp. larvae colonized until the F1 generation, then tested for resistance to permethrin insecticide using the CDC Bottle method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The percentage of death of test mosquitoes was 25% (<80%). It was concluded that the Aedes sp. in Neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City were resistant to the insecticide permethrin. It is recommended that the Binjai City Health Office/Government make a policy in controlling the DHF vector by replacing Permethrin insecticide with another class of insecticides.

Deteksi Plasmodium knowlesi Menggunakan Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) di Kecamatan Muara Komam Kalimantan Timur

2023-01-30T07:35:22SE Asia Standard Time

Plasmodium knowlesi is a parasite of the genus plasmodium that naturally infects long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), but currently reported has ability to infect humans. The identification/detection of P. knowlesi can be done using RDT, microscopic, or molecular examinations using nested PCR. Nested PCR is the most sensitive and specific method of examination to date. This study aimed to detect P. knowlesi in humans by RDT, microscopic, and nested PCR examinations. The study was descriptive with a cross-sectional approach, carried out from March to July 2019. The samples in this study were 123 patients who were suspected of being infected with malaria and who underwent laboratory tests at the Muara Komam Health Center. Microscopic examination and RDT examination were carried out at the Muara Komam Health Center, while nested PCR was carried out at the Eijkman Molecular Biology Laboratory Jakarta. The results of RDT and microscopic examinations showed as many as 16 of 123 (13%) malaria-positive samples of P. falciparum and P. vivax, and 10 of 123 (8.1%) malaria-positive samples of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Nested PCR tests targeting the rRNA SSU gene were able to identify P. knowlesi by 6 out of 123 (4.87%). In conclusion, the study showed that Plasmodium knowlesi was detected in humans in Muara Komam, East Kalimantan through nested PCR examination.

BACK MATTER BALABA VOL 18 NO 2 DESEMBER 2022

2023-01-30T07:35:24SE Asia Standard Time