Hubungan Dukungan Sosial dan Perilaku Terhadap Kegemukan (IMT/U >1sd) pada Remaja di Sekolah di Jakarta Selatan
Abstract
Environmental effects on health including nutritional status can be in various forms, from physiological
and emotional to social, spiritual and intellectual. Knowing socio-cultural factors, such as social supports
and behavior can help people maintain their normal nutritional status.This was a cross-sectional study
aiming at analyzing the relationship of social conditions and behavior with overweight and obesity in
high school adolescents. The subject consisted of 161 students from 11th and 12th grade aged 14-17
years in South Jakarta. Data collected included social data and behavior, respondent characteristics as
well as anthropometric measurements. Adolescent obesity is based on body mass index for age more
than 1 standard deviation. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed with logistic regression.
There were 25.5 percent respondents who were overweight or obese. There was a significant relationship
of liking fast food consumption (p:0.044; OR:4.820 95%CI: 1.046-22.207) with overweight or obese.
However, there was no significant relationship between social supports and overweight or obese.
Adolescents who like to consume fast food have fourth time risk of overweight or obese. Education of
healthy food and risk of consuming fast food is of importantance to mantain normal nutritional status
throughout adulthood.
Key words: obesity, teenage, social support, fast food
Efek lingkungan terhadap kesehatan termasuk status gizi dapat berbagai bentuk, dari fisiologis dan
emosional, sosial, spiritual dan intelektual. Mengetahui faktor sosial-budaya, seperti dukungan sosial,
dan perilaku dapat membantu orang untuk mempertahankan status gizi normal. Studi ini bertujuan untuk
menganalisis hubungan faktor kondisi sosial dan perilaku dengan kegemukan pada remaja sekolah
menengah atas. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian potong lintang. Responden terdiri dari 161 anak murid
kelas 11 dan 12 yang berumur 14-17 tahun di sekolah di Jakarta Selatan. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi
data sosial, perilaku, dan karakteristik responden serta pengukuran anthropometri. Status kegemukan
remaja didasarkan pada IMT/U>1SD. Analisis bivariat dan multivariat dilakukan dengan regresi
logistik. Terdapat 25,5 persen responden yang kegemukan. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara
menyukai konsumsi makanan siap saji (p:0.044; OR:4.820 95%CI: 1.046-22.207) dengan kegemukan.
Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial dengan kegemukan. Remaja
yang menyukai konsumsi makanan siap saji memiliki risiko empat kali lebih tinggi untuk untuk menjadi
gemuk. Promosi tentang jenis makanan sehat dan risiko konsumsi makanan siap saji penting dilakukan
untuk dapat menjaga status gizi normal hingga dewasa.
Kata kunci: kegemukan, remaja, dukungan sosial, makanan siap saji.
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