Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Petani Wanita Usia 45 – 65 Tahun di Puskesmas Karangawen II Kabupaten Demak
Abstract
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension among farmers in Karangawen II Health Center was relatively high, with the most cases in women aged over 18 years. This research was conducted to determine the main risk factors for hypertension among women farmers aged 45-65 years in the working area of Karangawen II Health Center, Demak Regency. This research was a retrospective observational study with a case-control approach. Subjects were 35 female farmers aged 45-65 years who were hypertensive (cases) and 35 female farmers aged 45-65 years who were not hypertensive (control). The sample was selected with purposive sampling and control group selection according to age matching in the case group. MAP was obtained using mercury tensimeter. Bodyweight and height for BMI were measured by digital scales and microtoice. Percent of body fat was measured using BIA. Physical activity data obtained using IPAQ. Stress data were obtained using DASS-42. Sodium intake was obtained using 3x24 hour food recall. Data on family history of hypertension and smoking were obtained by interview. All data were then analyzed univariate, bivariate analysis using simple logistic regression tests, and multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression tests. This study shows the risk factors for hypertension were sodium intake (p<0,001,OR=17,63), family history of hypertension (p=0,004,OR=8,1), and stress (p=0,006,OR=10,9), while non-risk factors were body mass index (p=0,21), percent body fat (p=0,22), smoking (p=0,56) and physical activity (p=0,38). The strong risk factors of hypertension in female farmers aged 45-65 years in the Karangawen II Health Center, Demak Regency was dietary sources of sodium, family history of hypertension, and stress.
Keywords: farmer, hypertension, MAP, risk factor
Abstrak
Prevalensi kejadian hipertensi pada petani di Puskesmas Karangawen II tergolong tinggi, dengan kasus terbanyak pada wanita berusia di atas 18 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko utama kejadian hipertensi pada petani wanita usia 45-65 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Karangawen II, Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional retrospektif dengan pendekatan case control. Subjek adalah 35 petani wanita usia 45-65 tahun yang hipertensi (kasus) dan 35 petani wanita usia 45-65 tahun yang tidak hipertensi (kontrol). Pemilihan sampel dengan purposive sampling dan pemilihan kelompok kontrol sesuai matching usia pada kelompok kasus. MAP didapat menggunakan tensimeter air raksa. BB dan TB untuk IMT diukur dengan timbangan digital dan mikrotoa. Persen lemak tubuh diukur menggunakan BIA. Data aktivitas fisik didapat menggunakan IPAQ. Data stres didapat menggunakan DASS-42. Asupan natrium didapat menggunakan food recal 3x24 jam. Data riwayat keluarga hipertensi dan merokok didapat dengan wawancara. Seluruh data kemudian dianalisis univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana dan analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil:Penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor risiko kejadian hipertensi yaitu asupan natrium (p<0,001,OR=17,63), riwayat keluarga hipertensi (p=0,004,OR=8,1), dan stres (p=0,006,OR=10,9), sedangkan faktor yang tidak berisiko adalah indeks masa tubuh (p=0,21), persen lemak tubuh (p=0,22), merokok (p=0,56) dan aktivitas fisik (p=0,38). Faktor risiko utama kejadian hipertensi pada petani wanita usia 45-65 tahun di Puskesmas Karangawen II Kabupaten Demak adalah asupan natrium, riwayat keluarga hipertensi, dan stres.
Kata kunci: petani, hipertensi, MAP, faktor risiko
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