Pola Pengasuhan Pada Anak Dengan Hambatan Perkembangan
Abstract
Abstract
Parenting is a factor that is directly related to child development. This study aims to explore the parenting style among children with developmental delay. This qualitative study nested in a Child Growth and Development Cohort Study that was conducted in Bogor in October 2019. Six children aged 2 to 6 years with developmental delay were recruited in this study. Mother of these children were purposely selected as informants and participated in individual interview about parenting Style of Baurimnd. The mothers as the main caregiver of their children applied control and warmth parenting. The mothers did not know if their children suffered from developmental delay and they had never been informed about this problem by health workers. Economic factors were the reason why mother did not check up their child development. Family had an important role to prevent developmental delay of their children. Parents did not realize that their children had developmental delay, thus there was no specific parenting style applied to cope with this problem. Early detection and early developmental stimulation for children are necessary. It is important to develop indirect counselling media, both electronic and printed media, for mothers of children with developmental delay; hence they can perform early detection and early developmental stimulation by themselves.
Keywords: developmental delay, parenting style
Abstrak
Pola asuh merupakan faktor yang terkait langsung dengan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pola asuh orang tua pada anak dengan hambatan perkembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari Studi Kohor Tumbuh Kembang Anak yang dilaksanakan di Bogor pada bulan oktober 2019. Jumlah sampel 6 anak yang mengalami hambatan perkembangan berusia 2 hingga 6 tahun, informan adalah ibu dari anak yang mengalami hambatan perkembangan tersebut, yang dipilih secara purposive untuk diwawancara terkait informasi dimensi pola asuh Baumrind. Pengasuhan anak lebih banyak dilakukan oleh ibu dengan menerapkan pola asuh kontrol dan kehangatan. Ibu tidak tahu jika anak mereka mempunyai hambatan dalam perkembangannya dan belum pernah mendapatkan informasi tersebut dari tenaga kesehatan. Faktor ekonomi merupakan alasan ibu tidak melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap perkembangan anak. Keluarga berperan besar dalam mengatasi hambatan perkembangan anak. Orang tua tidak menyadari bahwa anaknya memiliki hambatan perkembangan sehingga tidak ada pola asuh spesifik yang diterapkan untuk menangani masalah tersebut. Kegiatan deteksi dini dan stimulasi perkembangan sejak dini perlu digiatkan, serta pentingnya mengembangkan media penyuluhan tidak langsung baik media elektronik maupun media cetak, bagi ibu yang memiliki anak dengan hambatan perkembangan agar bisa melakukan deteksi dini dan stimulasi terhadap gangguan tumbuh kembang anak secara mandiri.
Kata kunci: Hambatan perkembangan, Pola asuh
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