Dampak Depresi Parental Terhadap Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia

  • Ika Saptarini Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
  • Anissa Rizkianti Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
  • Prisca Petty Arfines Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
Keywords: depresi paternal, depresi maternal, stunting, malnutrisi

Abstract

Abstract

Stunting conditions can cause cognitive damage in children. The risk of children experiencing chronic malnutrition, such as stunting, is increasing with the lack of care due to depression experienced by parents. This study aims to look at the effect of parental depression on the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. The data used is the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS), which is a longitudinal survey with 83 percent representation of the entire population in Indonesia. The data used are IFLS4 and IFLS5, which are two survey waves, 2007/2008 and 2014/2015. The unit of analysis is children aged 0-59 months who live with parents and have complete information about height measurements, with a total sample of 2,224 children at IFLS4 and followed up to IFLS5. Depression information was obtained based on the 10-question Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression instrument (CESD-10) asked of parents. While stunting is assessed based on the results of measurements of height according to age in children. The control variables examined included the type of residence, maternal age at birth, maternal education, employment status, economic status, sanitation, maternal height, childbirth weight, child sex, and birth order. The effect of parental depression on the incidence of stunting was analyzed using panel logistic regression method with random effects. The results showed that maternal depression (OR 0.89; 95% CI: 0.65-1.24) and paternal depression (OR 0.87; 95% CI: 0.63-1.21) did not significantly influence the incidence of stunting. The likelihood of stunting is higher among children in rural areas, have inadequate sanitation, low birth weight, and are the third child. Further research is needed regarding parental depression with uniform instruments.

Keywords: paternal depression, maternal depression, stunting, malnutrition

Abstrak

Kondisi stunting dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan kognisi pada anak. Risiko anak mengalami malnutrisi kronis seperti stunting semakin meningkat dengan kurangnya pengasuhan akibat depresi yang dialami oleh orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh depresi parental terhadap kejadian stunting di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) yaitu survei longitudinal dengan keterwakilan 83 persen dari seluruh populasi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah IFLS4 dan IFLS5 yang merupakan dua wave survei pada tahun 2007/2008 dan 2014/2015. Unit analisis adalah anak usia 0-59 bulan yang tinggal bersama orangtua serta memiliki informasi lengkap tentang pengukuran tinggi badan dengan total sampel 2.224 anak pada IFLS4 dan diikuti sampai IFLS5. Informasi depresi diperoleh berdasarkan instrumen Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression versi 10 pertanyaan (CESD-10) yang ditanyakan kepada orangtua. Sedangkan stunting dinilai berdasarkan hasil pengukuran tinggi badan menurut umur pada anak. Variabel kontrol yang diteliti antara lain tipe daerah, usia ibu saat melahirkan, pendidikan ibu, status pekerjaan, status ekonomi, sanitasi, tinggi ibu, berat lahir anak, jenis kelamin anak dan urutan kelahiran anak. Pengaruh depresi parental terhadap kejadian stunting dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi logistik panel dengan efek random. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan depresi maternal (OR 0,89; 95% CI: 0,65-1,24) dan paternal (OR 0,87; 95% CI: 0,63-1,21) tidak berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap kejadian stunting. Peluang terjadinya stunting lebih tinggi pada anak di perdesaan, memiliki sanitasi yang tidak layak, berat badan lahir rendah dan merupakan anak ketiga. Perlu adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai depresi parental dengan instrumen yang seragam.

Kata kunci: depresi paternal, depresi maternal, stunting, malnutrisi

References

Schneider EB. Stunting: past, present, future. In: ‘Child Growth: The Long View. Department of Economic History. London: School of Economics and Political Science; 2018.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2013.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Hasil Riskesdas 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2018.

W emakor A, Iddrisu H. Maternal depression does not affect complementary feeding indicators or stunting status of young children (6-23 months) in Northern Ghana. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):1–6. doi: 10.1186/s13104-018-3528-x.

de Onis M, Branca F. Childhood stunting: a global perspective. Matern Child Nutr. 2016;12:12–26. doi: 10.1111/mcn.12231.

World Health Organization. Global nutrition targets 2025: Stunting policy brief. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.

Righetti-Veltema M, Bousquet A, Manzano J. Impact of postpartum depressive symptoms on mother and her 18-month-old infant. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003;12(2):75– 83. doi: 10.1007/s00787-003-0311-9.

Drury SS, Scaramella L, Zeanah CH. The neurobiological impact of postpartum maternal depression: prevention and intervention approaches. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin. 2016;25(2):179–200. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2015.11.001.

Avan B, Richter LM, Ramchandani PG, Norris SA, Stein A. Maternal postnatal depression and children’s growth and behaviour during the early years of life: exploring the interaction between physical and mental health. Arch Dis Child. 2010;95(9):690–5. doi: 10.1136/adc.2009.164848

Grote V, Vik T, von Kries R, Luque V, Socha J, Verduci E, et al. Maternal postnatal depression and child growth: a European cohort study. BMC Pediatr. 2010;10(1):14. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-14.

Parsons CE, Young KS, Rochat TJ, Kringelbach M, Stein A. Postnatal depression and its effects on child development: a review of evidence from low-and middle-income countries. Br Med Bull. 2012;101(1):57–9. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldr047.

Letourneau N, Salmani M, Duffett-Leger L. Maternal depressive symptoms and parenting of children from birth to 12 years. West J Nurs Res. 2010;32(5):662–85. doi: 10.1177/0193945909359409.

Goodman JH. Paternal postpartum depression, its relationship to maternal postpartum depression, and implications for family health. J Adv Nurs. 2004;45(1):26– 35. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02857.x.

Hanington L, Ramchandani P, Stein A. Parental depression and child temperament: Assessing child to parent effects in a longitudinal population study. Infant Behav Dev. 2010;33(1):88–95. doi: 10.1016/j. infbeh.2009.11.004.

Underwood L, Waldie K. The effect of paternal depression on depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2017;4(12):889–90. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30432-7.

Henninger IV WR, Luze GJ. Differences in parental perceptions of the socio-emotional development of underweight, overweight, and typically weighted children in a low-income sample. J Child Heal Care. 2010;14(3):250– 60. doi: 10.1177/1367493510370221.

Strauss J, Witoelar F, Sikoki B. The fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey: overview and field report. RAND: Santa Monica, CA, USA. 2016.

Tran TD, Kaligis F, Wiguna T, Willenberg L, Nguyen HTM, Luchters S, et al. Screening for depressive and anxiety disorders among adolescents in Indonesia: Formal validation of the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale–revised and the Kessler psychological distress scale. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:189–94. doi: 10.1016/j. jad.2018.12.042.

Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL. Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D. Am J Prev Med. 1994;10(2):77– 84. doi: 10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30622-6.

Rizkiani D, Wisana IDGK. Too Short For Their Age: The Impact of Individual and Household Consumption Pattern to The Children’s Nutritional Status.

Addo OY, Stein AD, Fall CH, Gigante DP, Guntupalli AM, Horta BL, et al. Maternal Height and Child Growth Patterns. J Pediatr. 2013;163(2):549-554.e1. doi: 10.1016/j. jpeds.2013.02.002.

Ertel KA, Koenen KC, Rich-Edwards JW, Gillman MW. Maternal depressive symptoms not associated with reduced height in young children in a US prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2010;5(10):e13656. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013656.

Brentani A, Fink G. Maternal depression and child development: Evidence from São Paulo’s Western Region Cohort Study. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2016;62(6):524–9. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.62.06.524.

Ramchandani P, Stein A, Evans J, O’Connor TG, Team AS. Paternal depression in the postnatal period and child development: a prospective population study. Lancet. 2005;365(9478):2201–5. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(05)66778-5.

Letourneau N, Leung B, Ntanda H, Dewey D, Deane AJ, Giesbrecht GF. Maternal and paternal perinatal depressive symptoms associate with 2-and 3-year old children’s behaviour: findings from the APrON longitudinal study. BMC Pediatr. 2019;19(1):435. doi: 10.1186/s12887-0191775-1.

Epifanio MS, Genna V, De Luca C, Roccella M, La Grutta S. Paternal and maternal transition to parenthood: the risk of postpartum depression and parenting stress. Pediatr Rep. 2015;7(2):5872. doi: 10.4081/ pr.2015.5872.

Desmond C, Casale D. Catch-up growth in stunted children: Definitions and predictors. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0189135. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189135.

Published
2020-06-01
How to Cite
1.
Saptarini I, Rizkianti A, Arfines P. Dampak Depresi Parental Terhadap Kejadian Stunting di Indonesia. bpk [Internet]. 1Jun.2020 [cited 28Mar.2024];48(1). Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/bpk/article/view/2752
Section
Articles