Distribusi Kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue dan Habitat Perkembangbiakan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti serta Indeks Pupa pada Daerah Endemis dan Non Endemis di Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur

Abstract

Abstract

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Indonesia has spread in 34 provinces and 463 districts/cities. The Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF in East Sumba Regency in 2016 was 28.84 and 2017 increased to 55.28/100,000 population. The descriptive research was to describe the pattern of the spread of DHF cases and the habitat for the proliferation of DHF vectors and index pupae in the DHF endemic and non-endemic areas.The results showed that the Nearest Neighbor Ratio value in endemic areas was 0.292003 and in non-endemic areas was 0.718375. Moreover, the house pupae index was 53.3% and 41.0%, respectively The number of pupae/houses in endemic areas was 16.9 pupae/house, and in non-endemic areas was 11.9 pupae per house. The average pupae in each container in endemic areas were 3.6 pupae/container and sporadic areas were 2.2 pupae/container. The pupae/person value in endemic areas was 3.5 pupae/person and non-endemic areas was 2.2 pupae/person. The study concluded that there was a spatial relationship between DHF cases and DHF vector habitat with cluster distribution patterns. The number of pupae per house and pupae per person is still above the threshold value for DHF transmission in both endemic and non endemic areas.

Keywords: DHF, endemicity, habitat, pupae index, East Sumba

Abstrak

DBD di Indonesia telah menyebar di 34 provinsi dan 463 kabupaten/Kota. Incidence Rate (IR) DBD pada tahun 2015 sebesar 89,37/100.000 penduduk dan menurun pada tahun 2016 menjadi 78,85/100.000 penduduk. Incidence Rate (IR) DBD di Kabupaten Sumba Timur tahun 2016 sebesar 28,84 dan 2017 meningkat menjadi 55,28/100.000 penduduk. Tujuan penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pola penyebaran kasus DBD dan habitat perkembangbiakan vektor DBD serta pupa indeks di daerah endemis dan non endemis DBD, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, NTT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Nearest Neighbour Ratio daerah endemis sebesar 0,292003, dan pada daerah non endemis sebesar 0,718375. House pupae index pada daerah endemis sebesar 53,3 % dan daerah non endemis 41,0%. Jumlah pupae/rumah pada daerah endemis lebih besar yaitu 16,9 pupae/rumah dan daerah non endemis sebanyak 11,9 pupae per rumah. Rata-rata pupae pada setiap container pada daerah endemis sebanyak 3,6 pupae/container dan daerah sporadis sebesar 2,2 pupae/container. Nilai pupae/person pada daerah endemis sebesar 3,5 pupae/person dan daerah non endemis 2,2 pupae/person. Kesimpulan penelitian yaitu terdapat hubungan spasial antara kasus DBD dan habitat vektor DBD dengan pola penyebaran cluster. Jumlah pupa per rumah dan pupa per orang masih di atas nilai ambang batas penularan DBD baik pada daerah endemis maupun non endemis.

Kata kunci: DBD endemisitas, habitat, pupa indeks, Sumba Timur