Urbanisasi Dan HIV di Kota Bandung (Perspektif Geografi Kesehatan)
Abstract
Abstract
Bandung city is one of the regions which have biggest suspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Indonesia. Various attempts were made by the local government to tackle HIV's spread, but the trend is increasing in line with urbanization rate. Through a spatial perspective, this study aims to analyze the relationship between urbanization and spread of HIV in Bandung City through Spearman-Rank analysis and Global Moran’s I auto-correlation. Urbanization data were obtained from built areas based on remote sensing imageries, whereas the spread of HIV is provided by Bandung Health Office. The results showed that urbanization had a significant negative correlation with the number of HIV in Bandung City. The spatial distribution of HIV has an upward trend of 0.225 with a random pattern, with the highest increase occurred in Coblong sub-district. The dynamics distribution of urbanization and HIV in Bandung City had a centralized pattern with different spatial concentrations.
Keywords: Bandung City, built-up area, HIV distribution, urbanization
Abstrak
Kota Bandung merupakan salah satu wilayah yang memiliki penyintas HIV tertinggi di Indonesia. Berbagai upaya dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah guna menanggulangi penyebaran HIV, meskipun tren pertumbuhan dan penyebarannya terus meningkat sejalan dengan urbanisasi. Melalui perspektif spasial, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara laju urbanisasi terhadap penyebaran dan tren HIV di Kota Bandung melalui analisis korelasi Spearman-Rank dan autokorelasi Global Moran’s I. Data urbanisasi diperoleh dari jumlah lahan terbangun yang berbasis citra penginderaan jauh, sedangkan sebaran dan jumlah HIV merujuk pada informasi resmi dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bandung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urbanisasi memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan terhadap jumlah HIV di Kota Bandung. Penyebaran HIV secara spasial mengalami tren kenaikan sebesar 22.5 persen dengan pola acak, dengan kenaikan tertinggi terjadi di kecamatan Coblong. Dinamika distribusi urbanisasi dan jumlah HIV di Kota Bandung memiliki pola memusat dengan konsentrasi spasial yang berbeda.
Kata kunci: Kota Bandung, lahan terbangun, urbanisasi, persebaran HIV
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