Hubungan Antara Curah Hujan dan Temperatur dengan Malaria di Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur - Indonesia
Abstract
Abstract
The occurrence of malaria is closely related to enviromental and climatic conditions naturally. The aim of the study was to assess relationship between malaria and rainfall and temperature that can be used in strategy of a suitable malaria control in the area, towards the elimination of malaria in 2030. The study was a descriptive research using secondary data of rainfall and temperature from Meteorology and Geophysics Board of Tambolaka airport, and data of malaria cases periode 2014-2016 from District Health Office of Southwest Sumba. Monthly data of malaria cases, rainfall and temperature variables was analysed using SPSS 17v. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the strength of the relationship between weather and temperature with malaria cases (P. falciparum, P. vivax, and mixed infection). The results showed that there was no significantly correlation between malaria cases with rainfall and temperature (P> 0,05). The statistic analysis between P. falciparum infection and rainfall was significant (P <0,05) however no significant correlation between P.vivax infection with rainfall (P> 0,05). Conclusions, there was a significant relationship between P. falciparum infection and rainfall, While P. vivax infection and mixed infection were not significantly related to rainfall or temperature. P.falciparum infection and mixed infections are high in the late and early rainy seasons.
Keywords : malaria, rainfall, temperature, Southwest Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak
Terjadinya penyakit malaria umumnya sangat erat kaitannya secara alami dengan lingkungan dan kondisi iklim. Tujuan analisis data ini untuk memberikan informasi hubungan kejadian malaria dengan curah hujan dan temperatur untuk strategi pengendalian malaria yang tepat sasaran di daerah ini menuju eliminasi malaria tahun 2030. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data curah hujan dan temperatur dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Bandar Udara Tambolaka, serta data kasus malaria tahun 2014-2016 dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya. Data kasus malaria bulanan dan variabel curah hujan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 17v. Uji korelasi Pearson dilakukan untuk menguji kekuatan hubungan antara variabel cuaca dengan kasus malaria (P. falciparum, P. vivax dan infeksi campur). Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kasus malaria dengan curah hujan dan temperatur (P>0,05). Uji statistik antara infeksi Plasmodium falciparum dan curah hujan menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (P<0,05) namun antara infeksi P.vivax dengan curah hujan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (P>0,05). Disimpulkan, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara infeksi P.falciparum dengan curah hujan, sedangkan infeksi P.vivax dan infeksi campur tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan curah hujan maupun temperatur. Infeksi P.falciparum dan infeksi campur berangsur tinggi pada akhir dan awal musim hujan.
Kata kunci : malaria, curah hujan, temperatur, Sumba Barat Daya, Nusa Tenggara Timur
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