Penyebab Langsung dan Tidak Langsung Stunting di Lima Kelurahan di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor (Study Kualitatif Kohor Tumbuh Kembang Anak Tahun 2019)
Abstract
Abstract
Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition that occurs during a critical period of the child's growth and development caused by several factors. The research objective was to explore the direct and indirect causes of stunting as part of the 2019 child development cohort study in Bogor City. The study used indepth interviews with 24 informants who had children under five (10-49 months) with a normal history of birth weight, but then experienced stunting. The data analysis was thematic and the results showed that the direct causes included the provision of colostrum and exclusive breastfeeding but without continued balance with adequate complementary feeding. Prelacteal feeding was given to replace breast milk after childbirth, the first feeding with factory food until more than 1 year old so that the nutritional needs of the child were insufficient. Moreover, the consumption of protein sources is still insufficient and the child has a history of recurrent infections. Meanwhile, the indirect causes included the low socioeconomic status and poor environmental sanitation conditions posing them at risks of infections. To overcome these problems, it is necessary to improve nutrition education for mothers, improve environmental sanitation and increase the family economy through community economic empowerment.
Key words: Stunting, direct cause, indirect cause
Abstrak
Stunting merupakan kondisi kekurangan gizi kronis yang terjadi pada saat periode kritis dari proses tumbuh dan kembang anak yang dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menggali penyebab langsung dan tidak langsung kejadian stunting yang merupakan bagian dari penelitian kohor tumbuh kembang anak tahun 2019 di Kota Bogor. Metode kualitatif deskriptif dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan 24 informan ibu yang memiliki balita (10-49 bulan) dengan riwayat lahir normal, tetapi kemudian mengalami stunting. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyebab langsung antara lain pemberian kolostrum serta ASI eksklusif sudah dilakukan tetapi belum diimbangi dengan MP-ASI yang adekuat, pemberian makanan prelakteal berupa susu formula diberikan untuk menggantikan ASI yang belum keluar pasca melahirkan, pemberian makanan pertama berupa makanan pabrikan diberikan sampai anak berusia lebih dari 1 tahun sehingga tidak mencukupi kebutuhan gizi anak seiringnya bertambahnya usia anak, konsumsi sumber protein masih kurang dan mengalami riwayat infeksi berulang. Sedangkan penyebab tidak langsung yaitu rendahnya status sosial ekonomi keluarga dan kondisi sanitasi lingkungan yang kurang baik dapat menjadi risiko anak mudah tertular penyakit infeksi. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini perlu ditingkatkan edukasi gizi pada ibu, peningkatan sanitasi lingkungan sekitar dengan menjalankan program bersih lingkungan dan peningkatan ekonomi keluarga melalui pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat.
Kata kunci: Stunting, penyebab langsung, penyebab tidak langsung
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