Riwayat Hipertensi Keluarga Sebagai Faktor Dominan Hipertensi pada Remaja Kelas XI SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok Tahun 2017
Abstract
Abstract
Nutritional status changes, diet, and lifestyle are risk factors adolescent’s hypertension. This study is a cross sectional research to determine the most dominant factor of hypertension among adolescents at SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok 2017. Collected data include blood pressure, nutritional status (BMI for age), intake nutrients (sodium, potassium, calcium, fat, fruits and vegetables consumption), lifestyle (sleep duration, stress, and physical activity), and adolescent characteristics (sex and family history of hypertension). Blood pressure was measured using mercury sphygmomanometer, nutritional status with anthropometry, nutrient intake with Semi Quantitative FFQ, lifestyle and characteristics with questionnaire. The study showed that 42.4% of adolescents had hypertension (≥95 percentile). Factors associated with hypertension were BMI for age and family history of hypertension. The most dominant factor associated with hypertension was family history of hypertension. Education on genetic related risk factors of hypertension such as genetic counseling through Health School Program was needed for prevent adolescent’s hypertension, so that students with a family history of hypertension may be more concerned about other risk factors such as nutritional status.
Keywords : adolescent, family history of hypertension, hypertension
Abstrak
Perubahan status gizi, pola makan dan gaya hidup pada remaja merupakan faktor risiko hipertensi remaja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional untuk mengetahui faktor dominan hipertensi pada remaja di SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok tahun 2017. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi tekanan darah, status gizi (IMT/U), asupan zat gizi (natrium, kalium, kalsium, lemak, konsumsi buah dan sayur), pola hidup (durasi tidur, stres, aktivitas fisik), dan karakteristik remaja (jenis kelamin dan riwayat hipertensi keluarga). Tekanan darah diukur menggunakan sfigmomanometer air raksa, status gizi dengan antropometri, asupan zat gizidengan Semi Quantitative FFQ, pola hidup dan karakteristik dengan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 42,4% remaja SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok mengalami hipertensi (≥95 persentil). Terdapat hubungan IMT/U dan riwayat hipertensi keluarga pada hipertensi remajanya. Faktor dominan yang paling berhubungan dengan hipertensi pada remaja di SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok tahun 2017 adalah riwayat hipertensi keluarga. Diperlukan edukasi seperti kegiatan konseling genetik melalui UKS (Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah) tentang faktor risiko riwayat hipertensi keluarga sebagai pencegahan hipertensi remaja, sehingga bagi siswa yang memiliki riwayat hipertensi keluarga dapat lebih memperhatikan faktor risiko lainnya seperti status gizi.
Kata kunci: hipertensi, remaja, riwayat hipertensi keluarga
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