Determinan Penyakit Asma pada Pekerja Usia Produktif di Indonesia, Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013
Abstract
Abstract
Asthma is one of the chronic respiratory diseases that often leads to decrease of productivity, loss of income and unemployment, as well as psychosocial and financial problems. The objective of the research was to identify the determinants of asthma of productive age workers in Indonesia using Basic Health Research (Riskesdas 2013). Sampling criteria were workers aged 15-64 years across the country. The data were analyzed by complex sample with significance level of 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals. Samples that met the criteria were 405.984 people. Determinants of asthma were areas of residence, age, education, nutritional status, smoking, illumination sources, sex, occupation, ownership index, residence location, slum neighborhood, physical activity, and fuel type usage. (OR adj 1.1-2.1 p≤0.01). The proportion of asthma in eastern region of Indonesia and Java-Bali region were 2.05 and 1.75 higher than Sumatra region respectively. Less nutritional status had asthma proportion of 1.5 times higher than normal. Improving nutritional status and increasing knowledge about healthy lifestyle should be done as an effort to reduce the occurrence of asthma.
Key words: workers, asthma, Indonesia, Riskesdas 2013
Abstrak
Asma merupakan masalah kesehatan di semua Negara dan salah satu penyakit saluran pernapasan kronik yang sering mengakibatkan turunnya produktifitas, hilangnya pendapatan income dan pekerjaan, serta menimbulkan masalah psikososial dan keuangan. Tujuan analisis lanjut menentukan determinan penyakit asma pada pekerja usia produktif di Indonesia, menggunakan data Riskesdas Tahun 2013. Kriteria sampel: berusia 15-64 tahun dan status bekerja. Variabel yang di analisis meliputi asma, karakteristik individu, perilaku, dan tempat tinggal. Analisis data menggunakan kompleks sampel, tingkat kemaknaan ≤0,05 dan confidence interval 95%. Jumlah sampel sesuai kriteria 405.984 orang. Determinan asma adalah kawasan tempat tinggal, umur, pendidikan, status gizi, merokok, sumber penerangan, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan utama, indeks kepemilikan, lokasi tempat tinggal, lingkungan kumuh, aktivitas fisik, dan jenis bahan bakar. (ORadj 1,1-2,1 p≤0,01). Persentase asma lebih tinggi di Kawasan Timur Indonesia 2,05 kali dan Jawa-Bali 1,75 kali dibandingkan Sumatera, pada status gizi kurang 1,5 kali dibandingkan normal, umur 55-64 tahun 1,5 kali dibandingkan umur 15-24 tahun, pada pendidikan rendah 1,5 kali dibandingkan pendidikan tinggi. Perbaikan status gizi dan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang hidup sehat perlu dilakukan sebagai upaya menurunkan kejadian asma.
Kata kunci: pekerja, asma, Indonesia, Riskesdas 2013
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