Perubahan IMT pada Penderita Hipertensi Sebelum dan Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19

BMI CHANGES IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Abstract

Changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) are the main predictors in controlling blood pressure, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims to measure changes in BMI before and during COVID-19 for controlling obesity in hypertensive. This is a further analysis data from the Bogor Cohort Study on NCD Risk Factor and the study of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Period on Health and Mental Health Service Efforts in 2020 conducted 750 hypertension cases during 2011-2018. The dependent variable is the change in BMI which is categorized stable, decreasing, increasing based on the cut off of the mean difference in BMI. The independent variables include demographic characteristics, ownership of Health Insurance, behavior, disease status, monitoring of blood pressure, height and body weight and therapy. Data were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. The proportion of hypertensive who experienced changes in BMI was stable, decreased and increased, respectively by 24.5 percent, 49 percent and 26.5 percent. Factors associated with changes in BMI decreased in hypertensive patients were obesity with a risk of 1.7 times (95% CI 1.1–2.6) and stress 4.8 times (95% CI 1.4–16). The factor of increased BMI changes were obesity with a protective risk of 0.6 times (95% CI 0.4 -0.9), sitting more than 5.5 hours had a risk of 1.6 (95 % CI 1.1 – 2.6), and smoking ≥200 cigarettes/day has a 4.2 times risk (95% CI 1.4 – 13.0). Suggestions need efforts to maintain a stable BMI by doing physical activity, managing stress and not smoking.
Key words: changes in BMI, hypertension, COVID-19 pandemic

Abstrak
Perubahan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) merupakan prediktor utama dalam pengendalian tekanan darah khususnya di masa pendemi COVID-19. Artikel bertujuan mengukur perubahan IMT sebelum dan pada masa COVID-19 untuk pengendalian obesitas pada penderita hipertensi. Artikel ini merupakan hasil analisis lanjut dari sumber data Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko PTM Bogor dan studi Dampak Masa Pandemi COVID-19 pada Upaya Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Kesehatan Mental tahun 2020 pada 750 kasus hipertensi periode 2011-2018. Variabel dependen adalah perubahan IMT yang dikategorikan menjadi 3 yaitu stabil, turun, naik berdasarkan cut off rerata perbedaan IMT. Variabel independen meliputi karakteristik demografi (umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan), kepemilikan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), perilaku (merokok, olahraga, lama duduk), status penyakit (gangguan mental emosional, komorbid), pemantauan (tekanan darah, tinggi badan, berat badan) dan perilaku pengobatan. Data dianalisis dengan regresi logistik multinomial. Proporsi penderita hipertensi yang mengalami perubahan IMT stabil, turun dan naik, masing-masing sebesar 24,5 persen, 49 persen dan 26,5 persen. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan bermakna dengan perubahan IMT turun pada penderita hipertensi adalah obesitas dengan risiko 1,7 kali (95% CI 1,1– 2,6) dibanding normal dan stress 4,8 kali (95% CI 1,4 – 16,0), sedangkan faktor perubahan IMT naik yang berhubungan bermakna adalah obesitas risiko protektif 0,6 kali (95% CI 0,4 -0,9) dibandingkan tidak obese, lama duduk lebih dari 5,5 jam berisiko 1,6 (95% CI 1,1 – 2,6), serta merokok ≥200 batang/hari berisiko 4,2 kali (95% CI 1,4 – 13,0) dibandingkan bukan perokok. Saran perlu upaya menjaga IMT tetap stabil dengan cara melakukan aktifitas fisik, mengelola stres dan tidak merokok.
Kata kunci : perubahan IMT, hipertensi, pandemic COVID-19