Efek Sinergis Kombinasi Ekstrak Air Akar Batu (Gerrardanthus Macrorhizus) dengan Doxorubicin pada Sel Kanker Payudara T47D

Sari Haryanti

doi:10.22435/bpk.v46i3.878

Sari Haryanti Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Obat dan Obat Tradisional

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v46i3.878

Keywords: sitotoksik, cytotoxic

Abstract

Doxorubicin is one of the most widely used chemotherapy agents in cancer therapy. The clinical results of doxorubicin are limited by cardiotoxic side effects which correlates with dose. Combination of doxorubicin with natural agents is a promising strategy for reducing its therapeutic doses as well as decreasing cardiotoxic effects. This study was conducted to investigate cytotoxic activity of caudex Gerrardanthus macrorhizus aqueous extract and its combination with doxorubicin on T47D cells. Dried caudex powder was extracted by infusion method, evaporated in oven 40⁰C to get dried extract (GM). The MTT assay was performed to determine cytotoxic effect, either alone or in combination. Flow cytometry is used to observe cell cycle profile and apoptotic induction. GM alone did not exhibit cytotoxic effects but caused morphological alteration in T47D cells. Nevertheless, GM 40 μg/mL was able to improve cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin to 51%. Combination of doxorubicin 3 nM and 40 μg/mL GMA inhibited cell cycle in G2/M phase. This combination also resulted apoptotic induction, compared to untreated cell and each single treatment. Based on the results, caudex G. macrorhizus is potential to be further investigated as a co-chemotherapy agent with doxorubicin.

Abstrak

Doxorubicin adalah salah satu agen kemoterapi yang digunakan secara luas dalam terapi kanker. Hasil klinis doxorubicin dibatasi oleh kardiotoksisitas yang berkorelasi dengan besaran dosis. Kombinasi doxorubicin dengan bahan alam merupakan strategi yang menjanjikan untuk mengurangi dosis terapetik doxorubicin sehingga dapat menurunkan efek samping kardiotoksik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak air caudex Gerrardanthus macrorhizus dan kombinasinya dengan doxorubicin pada sel T47D. Serbuk caudex G. macrorhizus (GM) kering diekstraksi dengan metode infusa, kemudian diuapkan dalam oven 40⁰C. Uji MTT dilakukan untuk menguji efek sitotoksik ekstrak, baik tunggal maupun kombinasi dengan doxorubicin. Flow cytometry digunakan untuk mengetahui profil siklus sel dan induksi apoptosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak tunggal tidak memberikan efek sitotoksik namun mengakibatkan perubahan morfologi pada sel T47D. Ekstrak GM 40 μg/mL mampu meningkatkan efek sitotoksik doxorubicin 3 nM hingga 51%. Kombinasi doxorubicin 3 nM dan ekstrak 40 μg/mL menghambat siklus sel pada fase G2/M dan meningkatkan induksi apoptosis, dibandingkan kontrol sel dan masing-masing perlakuan tunggalnya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, caudex G. macrorhizus berpotensi untuk diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai agen ko-kemoterapi dengan doxorubicin.

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