Perbandingan Pemeriksaan Toksigenisitas secara Genotip dan Fenotip pada Beberapa Isolat Corynebacterium diphtheriae Penyebab Difteri di Indonesia

  • jbmi managerxot
  • Sunarno Sunarno
  • Kambang Sariadji
Keywords: C. diphtheriae, toksigenisitas, PCR, Elek test.

Abstract

Abstract

Corynebacterium diphteriae’s toxin can be detected by using in vivo and in vitro examination. Detection of the toxin using the guinea pig is a gold standard. This method requires a long time and has been opposed by animal right organization. There is another alternative method such as vero cell cytotoxicity and Elek test. The limitation of these methods are reagent procurements, technical skill, and a long processing time. Other alternative method like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can overcome the limitation. PCR can detect the toxin quickly and the results can be interpreted easily. Some previous study showed there was the difference results between PCR and Elek test or vero cell cytotoxicity. The Aim of this study is to compare genotypic toxin detection using PCR and phenotypic detection using Elek test, on some isolates that caused diphtheria outbreak in Indonesia. A total of 12 isolates have been tested in this study. These isolates were obtained from the outbreak cases in Indonesia and isolated in Bacteriology Laboratory, Center for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Technology of Health. This study used reference strains as positive and negative controls (NCTC 10648, NCTC 3984 and NCTC 10356). All samples were examined by PCR for toxin genotyping detection, and Elek test for phenotyping detection. The results showed as many as 10 isolates were toxigenic C. diphtheriae while the remaining were non-toxigenic. There was no nontoxigenic tox-gene bearing (NTTB). There were no difference results between PCR and Elek test to detect the toxin. Base on the results of this study, there was a 100% conformity results between PCR and Elek test to detect the toxin of C. diphteriae.

Key word: C. diphtheria, toxigenicity, PCR, Elek test.

Abstrak Toksigenisitas (kemampuan mengeluarkan toksin) Corynebacterium diphtheriae dapat diketahui dengan pemeriksaan in vivo maupun in vitro. Pemeriksaan in vivo menggunakan guinea pig sebagai gold standard banyak ditentang pecinta binatang dan memakan waktu cukup lama. Sebagai alternatif gold standard adalah vero cell cytotoxicity dan Elek test. Kedua pemeriksaan ini terkendala pengadaan reagen, kemampuan teknis dan lama waktu yang dibutuhkan. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) menjadi alternatif pilihan untuk pemeriksaan toksigenisitas secara cepat dan relatif lebih mudah dalam interpretasi hasil. Namun demikian, beberapa penelitian sebelumnya mengindikasikan adanya perbedaan hasil antara PCR dengan Elek test dan vero cell cytotoxicity. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil pemeriksaan toksigenisitas secara genotip menggunakan PCR dan fenotip menggunakan Elek test pada beberapa isolat C. diphtheriae penyebab difteri di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian berupa 12 isolat klinis C. diphtheriae penyebab kasus difteri di Indonesia, milik Laboratorium Bakteriologi, Puslitbang Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan. Kontrol positif dan negatif pemeriksaan menggunakan strain referensi (NCTC 10648, NCTC 3984 dan NCTC 10356). Semua sampel diidentifikasi secara genotip menggunakan PCR dan fenotip menggunakan Elek test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 isolat yang diperiksa, 10 diantaranya adalah jenis toksigenik dan 2 lainnya non-toksigenik. Tidak ditemukan adanya strain non-toxigenic tox-gene bearing (NTTB). Hasil yang sama terlihat pada pemeriksaan PCR maupun Elek test. Oleh karena itu disimpulkan bahwa pada penelitian ini kesesuaian hasil pemeriksaan toksigenisitas C. diphtheriae penyebab kasus difteri di Indonesia secara genotip menggunakan PCR dan fenotip menggunakan Elek test mencapai 100%.

Kata kunci: C. diphtheriae, toksigenisitas, PCR, Elek test.

Published
2019-04-11
Section
Articles