Analisis filogenetik gen mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) Pneumocystis jirovecii pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Terduga Pneumoniae di Jakarta

Abstract

Abstrak Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) merupakan patogen oportunistik yang penting pada pasien dengan gangguan kekebalan menurun khususnya human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). P. jirovecii tersebar dimanamana, menyebar melalui udara, dan menyerang sistem pernapasan atas. P. jirovecii mempunyai beberapa faktor virulensi, antara lain major surface glycoprotein (MSG) yang merupakan antigen yang paling banyak ditemukan di permukaan. Pendekatan biologi molekuler digunakan untuk mempelajari patogen ini karena hingga saat ini kultur belum dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data genotip yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai dasar data demografi dan epidemiologi molekuler P. jirovecii di Indonesia. Dua puluh sampel sputum positif P. jirovecii pada real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap gen mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU). Virulensi daerah hot spot gen mtLSU dianalisis dengan metode PCR dan sekuensing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Diperoleh 30 strain dengan 7 varian didominasi oleh varian 3 yang bersirkulasi di Jakarta. Analisis filogenetik dengan strain negara lain menunjukkan strain Jakarta berkerabat dekat dengan strain Iran, India dan Korea. Kata kunci : Pneumocystis jirovecii, mtLSU, PCR, filogenetik

Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) is an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). P. jirovecii is spread everywhere, spread through the air, and attacking the upper respiratory system. P. jirovecii has several virulence factors, including major surface glycoprotein (MSG) which is the most widely found on the surface antigen. The molecular biology approach is used to study this pathogen because until now culture cannot be done. This study aims to obtain genotype data that can be used as a basis for demographic and molecular epidemiological data of P. jirovecii in Indonesia. Twenty P. jirovecii positive sputum samples on real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were characterized by the mitochondrial large subunit (mtLSU) gene. Virulence of the mtLSU gene hot spot region was analyzed by PCR method and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. Obtained 30 strains with 7 variants dominated by variant 3 circulating in Jakarta. Phylogenetic analyzed with strains of other countries shows that Jakarta strains are closely related to strains of Iran, India dan Korea.

Keywords: Pneumocystis jirovecii, mtLSU, PCR, phylogenetic