Potensi Komponen Bioaktif Air Susu Ibu terhadap Perkembangan Otak Melalui Mekanisme Aksis Usus-Otak

Siti Sarahdeaz Putri; Irfannuddin Irfannuddin; Krisna Murti; Yudianita Kesuma; Hardi Darmawan; Noriyuki Koibuchi

doi:10.22435/jbmi.v11i2.6610

Siti Sarahdeaz Putri Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Irfannuddin Irfannuddin Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Krisna Murti Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Yudianita Kesuma
Hardi Darmawan Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Noriyuki Koibuchi Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/jbmi.v11i2.6610

Keywords: Breast milk, gut-brain axis, HMO prebiotic, neurogenesis

Abstract

Abstrak

Air susu ibu (ASI) eksklusif telah terbukti sebaga sumber nutrisi alami yang sehat dan dapat mengoptimalkan
semua potensi tumbuh kembang anak. Selain berperan utama dalam perkembangan fisik, ASI juga diyakini
bermanfaat penting dalam mengembangkan potensi perkembangan mental. ASI mengandung komponen makro
dan mikro nutrien. Selain itu, ASI juga mengandung komponen bioaktif seperti prebiotik human milk
oligosaccharides (HMO) yang berperan penting dalam regulasi aksis usus-otak.
Peran prebiotik dalam perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak melalui beberapa mekanisme. Prebiotik memicu
pertumbuhan bakteri baik (probiotik) di usus yang akan menghasilkan short chain fatty acid (SCFA) untuk fungsi
imunitas. SCFA juga melintasi sawar darah otak untuk menginduksi pelepasan hormon peptida dan memodulasi
faktor neurotropik yang berperan pada pertumbuhan struktur syaraf. Berbagai penelitian telah dikutip bahwa
HMO dan SCFA telah berperan dalam mencegah kerusakan sawar darah otak, memacu neurogenesis, dan
meningkatkan daya ingat.
Kata kunci: Air susu ibu, aksis usus-otak, prebiotic HMO, SCFA, neurogenesis.

Abstract
Breast milk is a healthy source of natural nutrients. Breast milk has been proven to be able to optimize children's
growth and development. In addition to playing a major role in physical growth, breast milk is also believed to
be important in mental development. Breast milk contains macro- and micronutrients. Breast milk also contains
bioactive components of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). HMO is prebiotics that plays a role in the
regulation of the gut-brain axis.
The role of prebiotics in the cognitive development through several mechanisms. Prebiotics trigger the growth of
good bacteria (probiotics) in the intestines. The bacteria will produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA) for immunity
function. SCFA will go through the blood brain barrier to induce the release of peptide hormones and modulate
neurotrophic factors. These compounds play a role in the growth of nerve structures. Various studies on the
benefits of HMO and SCFA have been cited. Its has been shown to prevent damage to the blood brain barrier,
stimulate neurogenesis, and improve memory.
Keywords: Breast milk, gut-brain axis, HMO prebiotic, SCFA, neurogenesis.