Designing a bivalent multiepitope vaccine against measles virus and rubella virus using an immunoinformatic approach

  • Luqman Abdan Syakurana Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Yasinta Nida Arroyan Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Fakhri Husaini Nasution Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Annisa Rizki Yuendra Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Alchita Dhia Zulfaa Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University
  • Hernayanti Hernayanti Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University
Keywords: adjuvan flagellin, imunoinformatika, vaksin, vaksin measles-rubela, vaksin multiepitop

Abstract

Abstract
Measles and rubella are diseases caused by viruses that affect children worldwide. Although vaccination have
drastically reduced the number of measles and rubella cases, outbreaks have been reported in areas with low
vaccination rate, which is attributed to the public's hesitation to accept the vaccine currently available. In this
study, an immunoinformatics approach is used to design a new measles-rubella vaccine to overcome the limitations
of the vaccines available today. Several software and web servers were used to predict epitopes in silico and design
multiepitope peptide vaccines. Several epitopes were selected that included B cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD4+ T cell
epitopes of the H Measles Virus protein and the E1 Rubella Virus protein. The secondary and 3D structure of the
constructed vaccine was predicted and evaluated using several web servers. A molecular docking procedure was
conducted to simulate the interaction between the vaccine and TLR-5 receptor. Conformational transition analysis
was conducted to analyze the stability of the docking complex, while an immune response simulation was
conducted in silico. Our results showed that the constructed vaccine has a good structure quality and could form a
stable complex with TLR-5 receptor. A wide immune response was predicted to be induced by the constructed
vaccine. Further research remains warranted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in vivo and
in vitro. The results of this study may have significant clinical implication by providing an alternative vaccine
design to slow the spread of both measles and rubella infections.
Keywords: flagellin adjuvant, immunoinformatics, measles-rubella vaccine, multiepitope vaccine, vaccine

Abstrak
Campak dan rubella adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang menyerang anak-anak di seluruh dunia.
Meskipun vaksinasi telah secara drastis mengurangi jumlah kasus campak dan rubella, wabah telah dilaporkan di
daerah-daerah dengan tingkat vaksinasi yang rendah, yang dikaitkan dengan keraguan masyarakat untuk menerima
vaksin yang tersedia saat ini. Dalam penelitian ini, pendekatan imunoinformatika digunakan untuk merancang
vaksin campak-rubella baru untuk mengatasi keterbatasan vaksin yang tersedia saat ini. Beberapa perangkat lunak
dan server web digunakan untuk memprediksi epitop secara in silico dan merancang vaksin peptida multiepitop.
Beberapa epitop dipilih yang mencakup sel B, sel T CD8+, dan epitop sel T CD4+ dari protein Virus Campak H
dan protein Virus Rubella E1. Struktur sekunder dan 3D dari vaksin yang dibangun diprediksi dan dievaluasi
menggunakan beberapa server web. Prosedur docking molekuler dilakukan untuk mensimulasikan interaksi antara
vaksin dan reseptor TLR-5. Analisis transisi konformasi dilakukan untuk menganalisis stabilitas kompleks
docking, sementara simulasi respons imun dilakukan secara in silico. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vaksin
yang dibuat memiliki kualitas struktur yang baik dan dapat membentuk kompleks yang stabil dengan reseptor
TLR-5. Respon imun yang luas diprediksi dapat diinduksi oleh vaksin yang dibuat. Penelitian lebih lanjut masih
diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi keamanan dan imunogenisitas vaksin secara in vivo dan in vitro. Hasil penelitian
ini mungkin memiliki implikasi klinis yang signifikan dengan memberikan desain vaksin alternatif untuk
memperlambat penyebaran infeksi campak dan rubella.
Kata Kunci: adjuvan flagellin, imunoinformatika, vaksin, vaksin measles-rubela, vaksin multiepitop

Published
2023-05-08