PENGARUH KONDISI KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL DI INDONESIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Conditions of housing and residential environment are one of the factors that cause mental emotional disorder. This is related to the quality of residential environment and socio-economic conditions of the community. Residential environment derived from variabels of healthy housing, overcrowding, and residence area. Social economy was a combination of economic quintile, housing ownership, subsidized rice for the poor programmed and healthcare for the poor. Family history of mental disorders and the search for medical treatment was also been studied. The aim of this analysis was to find the relationship between residential environment and economic status as well as family history of mental emotional condition and the pursuit for medical treatment among population aged 15 years old and over. To measure mental emotional was Self Reporting Questioner (SRQ) consisted of 20 items in Riskesdas 2013 instrument. The results showed the relationship between residential environment and economic status of individual mental health. A history of mental disorders in the family also contributes to improving mental health disorders. Housing environment is a dominant factor associated with mental disorders. People who has a mental illness family member has a risk of 4,5 times experiencing mental disorders. Therefore, government support was needed to provide a decent, affordable and healthy housing for the poor.
Keywords: Residential, economic status, mental emotional
ABSTRAK
Kondisi perumahan dan lingkungan permukiman merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan mental emosional. Hal ini terkait dengan kualitas lingkungan permukiman dan kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Kondisi permukiman meliputi variabel rumah sehat, kepadatan hunian dan wilayah tempat tinggal. Sosial ekonomi merupakan kombinasi dari indeks kepemilikan, kepemilikan rumah, pemberian beras miskin dan fasilitas kesehatan gratis. Selain itu, riwayat keluarga yang memiliki gangguan jiwa dan upaya pencarian pengobatan untuk mengobati gangguan kesehatan mental yang diderita juga dianalisis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan permukiman dan status sosial ekonomi serta riwayat keluarga dengan kesehatan mental emosional, dan upaya pencarian pengobatan gangguan mental penduduk usia 15 tahun ke atas Pengukuran kesehatan mental menggunakan Self Reporting Questioner (SRQ) yang berisi 20 butir pertanyaan yang terdapat dalam kuesioner Riskesdas 2013. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara kondisi lingkungan permukiman dan status sosial ekonomi terhadap kesehatan mental individu. Lingkungan rumah merupakan faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kesehatan mental. Seseorang yang tinggal bersama anggota rumah tangga yang mengalami gangguan jiwa berat mempunyai risiko 4,5 kali mengalami gangguan mental emosional. Oleh karena itu, perlu dukungan pemerintah untuk menyediakan permukiman yang layak, terjangkau dan sehat bagi masyarakat menengah ke bawah.
Kata kunci: Permukiman, status ekonomi, mental emosional
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