DETEKSI MIKROFILARIA WUCHERERIA BRANCROFTI DAN BRUGIA SP PADA SPESIES NYAMUK PASCA PEMBERIAN OBAT PENCEGAHAN MASSAL (POPM) DI BEBERAPA KABUPATEN DI INDONESIA
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Efforts to break transmission of filariasis chain, through elimination program with preventive mass drug administration (POPM) and vector control, which is currently taking place in all provinces in Indonesia. Known as elephantiasis or lymphatic filariasis, it is a filarial worm with the main species being Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia sp. The aims of study was to identify mosquitoes that have the potential become vector filariasis. Known as elephantiasis (Elephantiasis) or Lymphatic filariasis is a major species of filarial worms with that Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia sp. Mosquito collection conducted in 23 districts / cities in Indonesia using modificated Human Landing Collection (HLC) method that is double net to feed humans inside, while the method of Transcription Insulated Isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) was used to detect the presence of filarial worms in the mosquitoes. The number of samples collected was 26,276 mosquitoes, 38 were identified. The results of the examination used iiPCR showed that positive W. bancrofti was found in 6 districts / cities and positive Brugia sp were found in 9 districts / cities where the study was conducted. There are other mosquito species that are not confirmed as filarial vectors, but found DNA traces both the parasite in mosquitoes that have not been confirmed as vectors.
Keywords: Microfilariae, Wulcheria brancrofti, Brugia malayi, Mass Drug Administration (MDA)
ABSTRAK
Upaya pemutusan rantai penularan filariasis melalui program eliminasi dengan pemberian obat pencegahan masal (POPM) dan pengendalian vector, saat ini sedang berlangsung di semua provinsi di Indonesia. Di kenal sebagai penyakit kaki gajah (Elephantiasis) atau Filariasis limfatik merupakan cacing filaria dengan spesies utama yaitu Wuchereria bancrofti, dan Brugia sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nyamuk yang berpotensi menjadi vector filariasis. Pengambilan sampel nyamuk dilakukan di 23 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia menggunakan metode Modificated Human Landing Collection (HLC) yaitu kelambu ganda dengan umpan manusia, sedangkan metode Transcription Insulated Isothermal Polimerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan cacing filaria dalam tubuh nyamuk. Jumlah nyamuk yang berhasil dikumpulkan sebanyak 26.276 nyamuk dengan 38 spesies yang teridentifikasi. Hasil pemeriksaan DNA menggunakan iiPCR menunjukkan spesies Wulchereria bancrofti ditemukan di 6 kab/kota dan spesies Brugia malayi ditemukan di 9 kab/kota tempat penelitian. Terdapat spesies nyamuk lainnya yang tidak terkonfirmasi sebagai vektor filaria, namun ditemukan jejak DNA kedua parasite tersebut dalam nyamuk yang belum terkonfirmasi sebagai vektor.
Kata kunci: Mikrofilaria, Wulcheria brancrofti, Brugia malayi, POPM
References
Anorital et al. (2020) ‘Endemicity Brugia malayi Status Post Transmission Assessment Survey in Indonesia-2017’, 22(April 2020). doi: 10.2991/ahsr.k.200215.090.
Arsin, A. A. (2016) Epidemiologi filariasis. doi: 10.1002/dc.21698.
Dalilah et al. (2017) ‘Identifikasi Spesies Nyamuk Genus Mansonia dan Deteksi Molekuler terhadap Mikrofilaria/Larva Cacing Brugia malayi pada Nyamuk Genus Mansonia’, Jkk, 4(2), pp. 69–75.
Fauziah, Yasmin, Y. and Dharma, W. (2011) ‘Analisis Nyamuk Vektor Filariasis Di Tiga Kecamatan Kabupaten Pidie Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam’, Jurnal Biologi Edukasi, 3(1), pp. 26–30.
Goodman, D. S. et al. (2003) ‘PCR and mosquito dissection as tools to monitor filarial infection levels following mass treatment’, Filaria Journal, 2, pp. 1–9. doi: 10.1186/1475-2883-2-11.
Gordon, C. A., Jones, M. K. and McManus, D. P. (2018) ‘The history of bancroftian lymphatic filariasis in Australasia and Oceania: Is there a threat of re-occurrence in mainland Australia?’, Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 3(2). doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed3020058.
Haryuningtyas, D. and Subekti, D. T. (2008) ‘Deteksi Mikrofilaria / Larva Cacing Brugia malayi pada Nyamuk dengan Polimerace Chain Reaction’, Jitv, 13(3), pp. 240–248.
Hasmiwati. and Nurhayati (2009) ‘Kajian Nyamuk Vector di Daerah Endemik Filariasis Di Kenagarian Mungo Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 03(2), pp. 58–61.
Ichimori, K. et al. (2014) ‘Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: The Processes Underlying Programme Success’, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(12), pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003328.
Irawan, A. S., Boesri, H. and Nugroho, S. S. (2018) ‘Program Nasional Untuk Eliminasi Filariasis Limfatik: Studi Kasus Di Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah’, Vektora : Jurnal Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit, 10(2), pp. 95–102. doi: 10.22435/vk.v10i2.8812.97-104.
Kemenkes RI (2016) ‘Infodatin Filariasis’, 2016, pp. 1–8.
Kemenkes RI (2019) ‘Situasi Filariasis di Indonesia’, Infodatin Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI, pp. 1–12.
Kementerian Kesehatan (2014) ‘Peraturan Mentri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No. 94 Tahun 2014’, Penanggulangan Filariasis, pp. 1–118.
Laney, S. J. et al. (2010) ‘Detection of Wuchereria bancrofti L3 larvae in mosquitoes: A reverse transcriptase PCR assay evaluating infection and infectivity’, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 4(2), pp. 1–10. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000602.
Lau, Y. L. et al. (2015) ‘Draft genome of Brugia pahangi: High similarity between B. pahangi and B. malayi’, Parasites and Vectors. Parasites & Vectors, 8(1), pp. 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s13071-015-1064-2.
Nasution, S. F., Adhiyanto, C. and Indahwati, E. (2018) ‘Preliminary Study Of Wuchereria Bancrofti L3 Larvae Detedtion In Culex Quinquefasciatus As Vector Potential Of Filariasis In Endemic Area Of South Tangerang, BY Utilizing PCR Assay For L3-Activated Cuticlin Transcript mRNA Gene AndTPH-1 Gene’, Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease, 7(3), p. 67. doi: 10.20473/ijtid.v7i3.7352.
Nurjazuli, N., Dangiran, H. L. and Bari’ah, A. A. (2018) ‘Analisis Spasial Kejadian Filariasi di Kabupaten Demak Jawa Tengah’, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 17(1), p. 46. doi: 10.14710/jkli.17.1.46-51.
Perwitasari, D. et al. (2019) ‘Detection of Dengue Virus Using a Field- Deployable Pcr System : Evaluation on Human Serum Samples in Indonesia’, SoutheaSt aSian J trop Med public health, 50(6).
Plichart, C. and Lemoine, A. (2013) ‘Monitoring and evaluation of lymphatic filariasis interventions: An improved PCR-based pool screening method for high throughput Wuchereria bancrofti detection using dried blood spots’, Parasites and Vectors, 6(1), pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-110.
Purwantyastuti (2010) ‘Pemberian Obat Massal Pencegahan (POMP) Filariasis’, Buletin Jendela Epidemiologi, 1(1), pp. 15–19.
Rahanyamtel, R., Nurjazuli, N. and Sulistiyani, S. (2019) ‘Faktor Lingkungan dan Praktik Masyarakat Berkaitan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kabupaten Semarang’, Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia, 18(1), p. 8. doi: 10.14710/jkli.18.1.8-11.
Santoso, S. et al. (2015) ‘Deteksi mikrofilaria Brugia malayi pada nyamuk Mansonia spp dengan pembedahan dan metode PCR di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur’, ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies, 7(1), pp. 29–35. doi: 10.22435/aspirator.v7i1.3728.29-35.
Stone, C. M., Lindsay, S. W. and Chitnis, N. (2014) ‘How Effective is Integrated Vector Management Against Malaria and Lymphatic Filariasis Where the Diseases Are Transmitted by the Same Vector?’, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(12), pp. 1–12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003393.
WHO (2010) ‘World Health Organization Global Programme Global Programme To Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis’, pp. 1–93.
Yahya, Y., Salim, M. and Arisanti, M. (2015) ‘Deteksi Brugia malayi pada Armigeres subalbatus dan Culex quinquefasciatusyang diinfeksikan darah penderita filariasis dengan metode PCR’, ASPIRATOR - Journal of Vector-borne Disease Studies, 6(2), pp. 35–42. doi: 10.22435/aspirator.v6i2.3623.35-42.
Yanuarini, C. (2015) ‘Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis Di Puskesmas Tirto I Kabupaten Pekalongan’, Fikkes Jurnal Keperawatan, 8(1), pp. 73–86.
