PARASIT Plasmodium sp PADA TERNAK KAMBING ETAWA DI DAERAH ENDEMIK MALARIA KABUPATEN PURWOREJO
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Kaligesing Subdistrict, Purworejo Regency, is a malaria endemic area in Central Java Province, with an Annual Parasite Incidence (API) of 0,32‰ in 2017 with the confirmed vector being An. aconites and An. maculatus. Anopheles zoophagic nature and existence of livestock around the residence has an important role as a barrier to the transmission of malaria. One type of livestock that is widely cultivated by the community is the type of “Etawa” goat. This study aims to determine the type of Plasmodium found in livestock. This is a descriptive study with cross-sectional design and 97 samples were taken by purposive sampling. The variables analyzed were the distance between the cage and the place of residence, the presence of parasites in the blood of cattle and mosquitoes eviction attempts by the community. Examination conducted by microscopic blood clots with Giemsa staining. The results of the examination, found 4 slides (4,12%) positive for Plasmodium sp in goat blood with the cage located less than 10 meters from the residence. Parasites of Plasmodium vivax (75%) and Plasmodium falciparum (25%) trophozoites were detected in 4 goats (4,1%). A total of 75,3% of community activities burn straw around the animal enclosures, in an effort to repel mosquitoes. Etawa goats as a potential barrier in the village Jatirejo District of Kaligesing, found with P. vivax and P. falciparum. Further research is needed using molecular methods to strengthen the findings.
Keywords: Malariae, Plasmodium sp, etawa goats
ABSTRAK
Kecamatan Kaligesing Kabupaten Purworejo, merupakan wilayah endemik malaria di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, dengan Annual Parasite Incidence (API) 0,32‰ tahun 2017 dan vektor terkonfirmasi adalah An. aconitus dan An. maculatus. Sifat zoofagik Anopheles dan keberadaan ternak di sekitar tempat tinggal mempunyai peran penting sebagai barrier dalam penularan malaria. Salah satu jenis ternak yang banyak dibudidayakan masyarakat adalah jenis kambing etawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis Plasmodium yang terdapat pada ternak tersebut. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan disain cross-sectional dan sebanyak 97 sampel diambil secara purposive sampling. Variabel yang di analisa adalah jarak kandang dengan tempat tinggal, keberadaan parasit dalam darah ternak dan kegiatan upaya pengusiran nyamuk oleh masyarakat. Pemeriksaan sediaan darah dilakukan secara mikroskopis dengan pewarnaan giemsa. Hasil pemeriksaan, ditemukan 4 slide (4,12%) positif Plasmodium sp pada darah kambing dengan letak kandang berjarak kurang dari 10 meter dari rumah tinggal. Terdeteksi adanya parasit tropozoit Plasmodium vivax (75%) dan tropozoit Plasmodium falciparum (25%) yang ditemukan pada 4 ekor kambing (4,1%). Sebanyak 75,3% kegiatan masyarakat membakar jerami di sekitar kandang ternak, sebagai upaya mengusir nyamuk. Ternak kambing Etawa berpotensi sebagai barrier di Desa Jatirejo Kecamatan Kaligesing, dengan ditemukan parasit P. vivax dan P. falciparum. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut menggunakan metode molekuler untuk memperkuat hasil temuan.
Kata kunci: Malaria, Plasmodium sp, kambing etawa
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