KASUS-KASUS KERACUNAN JAMUR LIAR DI INDONESIA

Ivan Permana Putra

doi:10.22435/jek.v20i3.4943

Ivan Permana Putra Department of Biology, IPB University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/jek.v20i3.4943

Keywords: Wild Mushrooms, Poisoning, Indonesia, Jamur Liar, Keracunan

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Wild mushrooms are one of the germplasm which have been consumed for decades. Besides the good nutritional content for health, some of wild mushrooms which identical to edible mushrooms are known to have toxins that can cause poisoning. To date, despite the high numbers of poisoning cases, information regarding cases of wild mushroom poisoning in Indonesia are not properly organized. This paper is a literature-based quantitative study by reviewing and validating all reports of mushroom poisoning in Indonesia during the 2010-2020 period. The results showed that over the last 10 years, there have been 76 cases of poisoning due to consumption of wild mushrooms in Indonesia. A total of 550 people became victims and 9 of them died. The wild mushroom genera suspected to be the cause of poisoning include: Amanita sp. (egg phase), Calvatia sp., Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites, Clitocybe sp., Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Coprinus sp., Galerina sp., Inocybe sp., Lepiota sp., Macrocybe sp., Macrolepiota sp., Panaeolus sp., Parasola sp., Psilocybe sp., and Scleroderma sp. (old phase). The good collaboration between the government, researchers, citizens, and journalists in documenting the character of the mushroom that causes poisoning needs to be done to create a database of poisonous mushrooms in Indonesia. This is expected to be able to prevent the incidence of wild mushroom poisoning in Indonesia.

Keywords: Wild Mushrooms, Poisoning, Indonesia

ABSTRAK

Jamur liar merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang telah dikonsumsi dalam waktu yang lama. Selain memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang baik untuk kesehatan, beberapa kelompok jamur liar sulit dibedakan dengan jamur edible dan diketahui memiliki toksin yang mampu menyebabkan keracunan. Hingga saat ini, walaupun telah terjadi berulang kali, informasi mengenai kasus-kasus keracunan jamur liar di Indonesia masih belum dirapihkan dengan baik. Tulisan ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif berbasis literatur dengan menelaah dan memvalidasi semua laporan keracunan jamur di Indonesia selama periode 2010-2020. Hasil koleksi informasi menunjukkan bahwa selama 10 tahun terakhir, telah terjadi 76 kasus keracunan akibat pengkonsumsian jamur liar di Indonesia. Sebanyak 550 orang menjadi korban dan 9 diantaranya meninggal dunia. Genus-genus jamur liar yang diduga menjadi penyebab keracunan diantaranya adalah : Amanita sp. (fase telur), Calvatia sp., Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites, Clitocybe sp., Coprinellus sp., Coprinopsis sp., Coprinus sp., Galerina sp., Inocybe sp., Lepiota sp., Macrocybe sp., Macrolepiota sp., Panaeolus sp., Parasola sp., Psilocybe sp., dan Scleroderma sp. (fase tua). Kolaborasi yang baik antara pemerintah, peneliti, masyarakat, dan jurnalis dalam pendokumentasian karakter jamur penyebab keracunan perlu dilakukan untuk membuat database infomasi jamur liar beracun di Indonesia. Hal ini diharapkan mampu untuk mencegah kejadian keracunan jamur liar di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: Jamur Liar, Keracunan, Indonesia

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