PROFIL LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BALITA DAN TINGKAT KEMATIAN ANAK MENURUT FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN: DATA SDKI 2017

  • Tin Afifah Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
  • Ika Saptarini
  • Joko Irianto
  • Heny Lestary Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
  • Cahyorini Cahyorini
  • Andi Susilowati
Keywords: survival of children, child mortality rate, environmental health, sanitation, drinking water source, kelangsungan hidup anak, angka kematian anak, kesehatan lingkungan, sanitasi, sumber air minum

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Environmental health is one of the factors that play a role in the level of health status of the population. Child mortality is one indicator of health status. The survival of children is very dependent on environmental conditions. The purpose of this article is to present a profile of the distribution of children under five years according to the health of the family's living environment and the child's mortality rate according to the characteristics and health of the environment. Data analysis of the 2017 IDHS used was toddlers who were born alive with de jure residence status. The variables studied were sources of drinking water, sanitation facilities, and main floor materials as well as mother's education, and place of residence. The descriptive analysis according to the classification of residence and the estimation of the calculation of the mortality rate for neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, child mortality rate and under-five mortality rate using STATA 15 techniques. The results showed that 1 in 10 children under five in Indonesia lives in a household that does not have sanitation facilities. Most of the children under five live with families uses proper drinking water sources, and 8 out of 10 children under five live in houses with floors made of finished materials. Children under five who live in families with sanitation facilities, sources of proper drinking water and floors made of finished materials have a tendency for lower child mortality rates compared to other groups. It can be concluded that sanitation facilities and proper drinking water sources as well as floors made of finished materials support the survival of children under five years in Indonesia. 

Keywords: survival of children, child mortality rate, environmental health, sanitation, drinking water source

 

ABSTRAK

Kesehatan lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam tingkat derajat kesehatan penduduk. Angka kematian anak merupakan salah satu indikator derajat kesehatan. Kelangsungan hidup anak sangat tergantung dari kondisi lingkungannya. Tujuan penulisan artikel adalah menyajikan profil distribusi balita menurut kesehatan lingkungan rumah tinggal keluarga serta tingkat kematian anak menurut karakteristik dan kesehatan lingkungannya. Analisis data SDKI 2017 yang digunakan adalah balita yang lahir hidup dengan status tempat tinggal de jure. Variabel yang diteliti adalah sumber air minum, fasilitas sanitasi, dan bahan lantai utama serta pendidikan ibu, dan tempat tinggal. Analisis secara deskripsi menurut klasifikasi tempat tinggal dan estimasi penghitungan angka kematian neonatal, angka kematian bayi, angka kematian anak balita dan angka kematian balita secara teknik langsung menggunakan STATA 15. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat 1 dari 10 balita di Indonesia tinggal di rumahtangga yang tidak memiliki fasilitas sanitasi. Sebagian besar balita tinggal dengan keluarga yang menggunakan sumber air minum layak, dan terdapat 8 dari 10 balita yang tinggal di rumah dengan lantai dari bahan jadi. Balita yang tinggal pada keluarga dengan fasilitas sanitasi, sumber air minum layak dan lantai dari bahan jadi mempunyai kecenderungan angka kematian anak yang lebih rendah dibanding dengan kelompok lainnya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa fasilitas sanitasi dan sumber air minum yang layak serta lantai dari bahan jadi mendukung terhadap kelangsungan hidup balita di Indonesia.

Kata kunci: kelangsungan hidup anak, angka kematian anak, kesehatan lingkungan, sanitasi, sumber air minum

References

Acharya, A., Liu, L., Li, Q., & Friberg, I. K. (2013). Estimating the child health equity potential of improved sanitation in Nepal. BMC Public Health, 13(SUPPL.3). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-S3-S25
Adebowale, S. A., Morakinyo, O. M., & Ana, G. R. (2017). Housing materials as predictors of under-five mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from 2013 demographic and health survey. BMC Pediatrics, 17(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0742-3
Bappenas. (2009). Kajian Evaluasi Pembangunan Sektoral; Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kelangsungan Hidup Anak. In Bappenas. Jakarta, Indonesia.
BKKBN. BPS. Kementerian Kesehatan. ICF. (2018). Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2017. Jakarta.
Blum, HL.; Knollmueller; Ruth Nelson. (1975). Planning for Health; Development and Application of Social Change Theory. The American Journal of Nursing, 75(8), 1388. https://doi.org/10.2307/3423644
DHS Programme. (2018). Early Childhood Mortality. Retrieved from https://dhsprogram.com/data/Guide-to-DHS-Statistics/index.htm#t=Early_Childhood_Mortality.htm
Ezeh, O. K., Agho, K. E., Dibley, M. J., Hall, J., & Page, A. N. (2014). The impact of water and sanitation on childhood mortality in Nigeria: Evidence from demographic and health surveys, 2003–2013. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 9256–9272. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110909256
Fischer Walker, C. L., Rudan, I., Liu, L., Nair, H., Theodoratou, E., Bhutta, Z. A., … Black, R. E. (2013). Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea. The Lancet, 381(9875), 1405–1416. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60222-6
Günther, I., & Fink, G. (2011). Water and sanitation to reduce child mortality: The impact and cost of water and sanitation infrastructure (No. Policy Research Workshop Paper 5618). https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5618
Jay. (2021). Kementerian PUPR Kembali Kucurkan Bantuan Perumahan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya di Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. Retrieved from https://www.pu.go.id/berita/kementerian-pupr-kembali-kucurkan-bantuan-perumahan-stimulan-perumahan-swadaya-di-tanah-datar-sumatera-barat
Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2019. Retrieved from https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Profil-Kesehatan-indonesia-2019.pdf
Lubis, A., Afifah, T., & Suparmi, S. (2015). Analisis Determinan Mortalitas. In Soeharsono Soemantri (Ed.), Bunga Rampai Analisis Determinan Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/index.php/publikasi/index?Publikasi[tahunJudul]=&Publikasi[kataKunci]=bunga+rampai&yt0=Tampilkan
Mallick, R., Mandal, S., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Impact of sanitation and clean drinking water on the prevalence of diarrhea among the under-five children in India. Children and Youth Services Review, 118(September), 105478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105478
Mara, D. (2017). The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: A moral imperative for governments and development professionals. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 7(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.027
Menteri Kesehatan. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 25 Tahun 2014 tentang Upaya Kesehatan Anak. , (2014).
Mosley, W. H., & Chen, L. C. (1984). An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. Child Survival: Strategies for Research, 10, Suplem(February 2003), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807954
Pajung Surbakti. (1995). Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional. Suatu Sumber Data Berkesinambungan untuk Analisis Kesejahteraan Rakyat di Indonesia. Jakarta: Biro Pusat Statistik.
Save The Children. (n.d.). Know Your Right. All Children Have The Same Right. Retrieved September 21, 2021, from https://www.savethechildren.org.uk/content/dam/gb/reports/humanitarian/uncrc19-child-friendly.pdf
Sekretaris Negara Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2016 tentang perlindungan anak menjadi undang-undang. , (2016).
Shandra, C. L., Shandra, J. M., & London, B. (2011). World bank structural adjustment, water, and sanitation: A cross-national analysis of child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Organization and Environment, 24(2), 107–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026611413931
WHO. (2020). Children: improving survival and well-being. Retrieved from 8 September website: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/children-reducing-mortality
Wolf, J., Prüss-Ustün, A., Cumming, O., Bartram, J., Bonjour, S., Cairncross, S., … Higgins, J. P. T. (2014). Systematic review: Assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low- and middle-income settings: Systematic review and meta-regression. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 19(8), 928–942. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.12331
Yaya, S., Hudani, A., Udenigwe, O., Shah, V., Ekholuenetale, M., & Bishwajit, G. (2018). Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices, and Housing Quality to Prevent Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in Nigeria. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3020041
Published
2022-03-10
How to Cite
Afifah, T., Saptarini, I., Irianto, J., Lestary, H., Cahyorini, C. and Susilowati, A. (2022) “PROFIL LINGKUNGAN HIDUP BALITA DAN TINGKAT KEMATIAN ANAK MENURUT FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN: DATA SDKI 2017”, JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN, 20(3), pp. 152-164. doi: 10.22435/jek.v20i3.5418.