GAMBARAN PELAKSANAAN JARINGAN SOSIAL DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENANGANAN KEGAWATDARURATAN KEHAMILAN DAN PERSALINAN DI DESA KARANG BAJO, KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA
(A Case Study in Karang Bajo Village, North Lombok District)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The reduction of maternal mortality remains the main focus of health development target of achievement in many parts of the world as the highest contribution of deaths occurred in developing countries. Social network system developed within community has obstacles in achieving target of maternal mortality reduction. In general, this study used quantitative and qualitative approach. Sampling for each respondent and informant was done using purposive sampling method. Quantitative data collection was undertaken among 90 postpartum women, and 25 qualitative informants. Quantitative results show attitude and behavior of women: most women chose delivery at health facility (96.7%) with assistance by health professionals (100%). Almost all respondents received ANC (95.6%), mostly reported of having socialization and information on safe delivery, obtained by health workers, village health volunteers, head of village and traditional birth attendant (TBA). Most respondent chose to not have childbirth with assistance by TBA. Result of in-depth interview among community members involved in P4K acknowledged that strategy to overcome obstacles in social network is to include TBA in the social network of P4K, train and provide knowledge on emergency action that is hygienic and safe, as well as report promptly if encounter difficulties in helping childbirth and using Tabulin to overcome the economic problems of the family. The social network works by exploiting the potential that exists in the community agreed upon and built on initiation within the community itself and proven to be able to overcome various obstacles to prevent and handle the emergency of pregnancy and childbirth.
Keywords: Social Network P4K, Maternal Mortality, Community Development
ABSTRAK
Penurunan angka kematian ibu (AKI) masih menjadi fokus utama target pencapaian pembangunan kesehatan di berbagai belahan dunia dengan penyumbang kematian tertinggi adalah negara-negara berkembang. Sistem jaringan sosial yang telah terbentuk pada kelompok masyarakat memiliki hambatan dalam mencapai target penurunan AKI. Secara garis besar penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Penarikan sampel untuk setiap responden dan informan dilakukan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data kuantitatif dilakukan terhadap 90 ibu-ibu pasca melahirkan dan informan kualitatif berjumlah 25 orang. Hasil kuantitatif menunjukkan sikap dan perilaku ibu: sebagian besar memilih persalinan di fasilitas kesehatan (96,7%) dengan penolong persalinan dengan tenaga kesehatan (100%). Hampir seluruh responden ibu melakukan ANC (95,6%), sebagian besar responden mengaku sudah pernah mendapat sosialisasi dan informasi mengenai persalinan yang aman, dimana informasi didapat dari tenaga kesehatan, kader desa, kepala desa dan juga dari dukun beranak. Sebagian besar responden memilih tidak melahirkan dengan pertolongan dukun (65,6%). Hasil wawancara mendalam terhadap anggota masyarakat yang terlibat dalam kegiatan P4K menyatakan bahwa strategi untuk mengatasi hambatan bekerjanya jaringan sosial adalah mengikutsertakan dukun beranak untuk terlibat dalam jaringan sosial kegiatan P4K serta melatih dan memberikan pengetahuan terkait tindakan darurat yang steril dan aman serta harus segera melapor jika menemui kesulitan dalam menolong persalinan serta mengembangkan tabulin (tabungan persalinan) untuk mengatasi persoalan ekonomi keluarga ibu yang akan melahirkan. Jaringan sosial bekerja dengan memanfaatkan potensi yang ada di masyarakat yang disepakati serta dibangun atas inisiasi dari dalam masyarakat itu sendiri dan terbukti mampu mengatasi berbagai hambatan dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganan kegawatdaruratan kehamilan dan persalinan.
Kata kunci: Permukiman, status ekonomi, mental emosional
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