Kajian literatur: Dampak perubahan iklim terhadap timbulnya penyakit tular nyamuk terutama Limfatik Filariasis
Abstract
Lingkungan memberikan kontribusi terbesar sebesar 45% terhadap status kesehatan seseorang dibandingkan faktor lainnya seperti perilaku sebesar 30%, pelayanan kesehatan sebesar 20% dan keturunan sebesar 5%. Kondisi kesehatan lingkungan di Indonesia masih rendah, yang dibuktikan dengan rendahnya pencapaian indikator kesehatan lingkungan dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan tertinggi yang disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan yang buruk. Perubahan iklim menimbulkan peningkatan mosquito borne diseases terutama penyakit Limfatik Filariasis yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes sp, Anopheles sp, Culex sp dan Mansonia sp. Tujuan penulisan review artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak perubahan iklim dengan kejadian mosquito borne diseases, terutama Limfatik Filariasis. Studi ini berupa review dari literatur di Google dan Pubmed yang dicari melalui pencarian kata kunci yaitu kesehatan lingkungan, perubahan iklim, mosquito borne diseases dan Limfatik Filariasis. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap literatur diketahui bahwa kesehatan lingkungan merupakan suatu standar yang harus dicapai untuk terciptanya kesehatan manusia. Variabel perubahan iklim yang berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan nyamuk perantara Limfatik filariasis adalah temperatur dan presipitasi. Temperatur sebesar 33.50C dan presipitasi 600 mm optimal untuk perkembangan nyamuk. Kesimpulan. Perubahan iklim dapat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian penyakit mosquito borne diseases terutama Limfatik Filariasis. Nyamuk perantara Limfatik filariasis bersifat ektoterm yang bergantung dengan perubahan iklim.
Kata kunci : Kesehatan lingkungan, Limfatik Filariasis, mosquito borne diseases, perubahan iklim
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