Penghambatan Enzim Alpha-Glukosidase oleh Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica) dan Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga)

  • Nursalinda Kusumawati Program Studi Magister Farmasi Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Haryoto Haryoto Program Studi Magister Farmasi Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Peni Indrayudha Program Studi Magister Farmasi Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Neem leaf, Mango ginger, α-Glucosidase, Inhibition

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease of the digestive system characterized by high blood glucose levels. The main enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism is α-glucosidase. One of the therapeutic approaches to treat T2DM is to make glucose uptake into the blood delayed through inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme activity. Neem leaves and mango ginger are reported to reduce blood glucose levels. This study aims to determine the potential inhibitor of neem leaves extract and mango ginger extract and their respective fractions on α-glucosidase activity. Simplicia of neem leaves and mango ginger were macerated using 96% ethanol for 24 hours. The ethanol extract of neem leaves and mango rhizome were fractionated using silica gel 60 GF254 as adsorbent and a combination of ethyl acetate and n-hexane as eluent. The extracts of neem leaves and mango rhizome and fractions of both plants were tested for α-glucosidase inhibition with acarbose as a comparison. The results showed that both plants provided inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase with the lowest IC50 value from the semi-polar fraction of neem leaves about 24.16±4.58 μg/mL. Neem leaves and mango ginger have potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

References

Chatsumpun N, Sritularak B, Likhitwitayawuid K. New biflavonoids with α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities from Boesenbergia rotunda. Molecules. 2017 Okt 30;22(11):1862. doi: 10.3390/molecules22111862.

Eid HM, Haddad PS. The antidiabetic potential of quercetin: underlying mechanisms. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2017;24(4):355-64. doi: 10.2174/0929867323666160909153707.

Garber AJ, Abrahamson MJ, Barzilay JI, Blonde L, Bloomgarden ZT, Bush MA, et al. AACE comprehensive diabetes management algorithm 2013. Endocrine Practice. 2013;19(2):327-36. doi: 10.4158/endp.19.2.a38267720403k242.

Tjay TH, Rahardja K. Obat-obat penting khasiat, penggunaan, dan efek-efek sampingnya. Edisi 6. Jakarta: PT Elex Media Komputindo Gramedia; 2007.

Hasimun P, Adnyana IK, Valentina R, Lisnasari E. Potential alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from selected zingiberaceae family. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 2016;9(1):164–7.

Nagmoti DM, Juvekar AR. In vitro inhibitory effects of Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. seeds on intestinal α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase. Journal of Biochemical Technology. 2013;4(3):616–21.

Kazeem MI, Dansu TV, Adeola SA. Inhibitory effect of Azadirachta indica A. juss leaf extract on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013 Nov 1;16(21):1358-62. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2013.1358.1362.

Bisht S, Sisodia SS. Anti-hyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic potential of Azadirachta indica leaf extract in stz-induced diabetes mellitus. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2010;2(10):622–7.

Pujimulyani D, Yulianto WA, Setyowati A, Arumwardana S, Rizal R. Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of Curcuma mangga Val. extract and fractions. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2018;6(2):162–8.

Raihana R, Faridah QZ, Julia AA, Abdelmageed AHA, Kadir MA. In vitro culture of Curcuma mangga from rhizome bud. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2011 Nov 30;5(28):6418–22. doi: 10.5897/JMPR11.673.

Madihah, Alfina F, Gani YY. Kadar glukosa darah dan gambaran histologis pankreas mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang diinduksi aloksan setelah perlakuan ekstrak rimpang temu mangga (Curcuma mangga Val.). Jurnal Biologi. 2016;20(2):64–8.

Awin T, Mediani A, Faudzi SMM, Maulidiani, Leong SW, Shaari K, et al. Identification of α-glucosidase inhibitory compounds from Curcuma mangga fractions. International Journal of Food Properties. 2020;23(1):154–66. doi: 10.1080/10942912.2020.1716792.

Saifudin A. Senyawa alam metabolit sekunder teori, konsep, dan teknik pemurnian. Edisi 1. Yogyakarta: Deepublish; 2014.

Haryoto, Hapsari A. Sitotoksitas ekstrak etanol dan tiga fraksinya herba kitolod (Isotoma longiflora (L.) C. Presl.) terhadap sel MCF-7. Dalam: Ulinuha A, Widodo, Latief H, Sayoga DS, Supriyono H, Yudhana A, et al., editor. Prosiding The 5th University Research Colloquium; 2017 Feb 18; Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Universitas Ahmad Dahlan (UAD) Press; 2017. h. 1502-13.

Puspitayanti IR. Aktivitas penghambatan enzim alfa glukosidase oleh ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.) [skripsi]. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2017.

Merck. α-Glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Internet]. Darmstadt: Merck; [date unknown] [cited 2020 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/g5003?lang=en&region=ID

Kim G-N, Shin J-G, Jang H-D. Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of dangyuja (Citrus grandis Osbeck.) extract treated with Aspergillus saitoi. Food Chemistry. 2009;117(1):35–41.

Dewatisari WF, Rumiyanti L, Rakhmawati I. Rendemen dan skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak daun Sansevieria sp. Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 2017;17(3):197–202. doi: 10.25181/jppt.v17i3.336.

Policegoudra RS, Aradhya SM, Singh L. Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) - a promising spice for phytochemicals and biological activities. Journal of Biosciences. 2011 Sep;36(4):739–48. doi: 10.1007/s12038-011-9106-1.

Ismiyati N, Mardiyaningsing A, Trilestari. aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak etanolik dan fraksi dari ekstrak etanolik daun pandan (Pandanus amaryllifollius Roxb.) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Prosiding The 2nd University Research Coloquium 2015; 2015 Aug 29; Surakarta, Indonesia. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2015. h. 343–8.

Basuki T, Indah D, Nina A, Kardono LBS. Evaluasi aktivitas daya hambat enzim α-glukosidase dari ekstrak kulit batang, daun, bunga, dan buah kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia XXI; 2002 Mar 27-28; Surabaya, Indonesia. Surabaya: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Surabaya; 2002. h. 314–8.

Ariani N, Kartika IR, Kurniadewi F. Uji aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro dari ekstrak metanol daun Cryptocarya densiflora Blume. dan fraksi-fraksinya. Jurnal Riset Sains Dan Kimia Terapan. 2017;7(1):14–20. doi: 10.21009/JRSKT.071.03.

Septiana E, Bustanussalam, Simanjuntak P. Aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase dan peredaman radikal bebas ekstrak kapang endofit yang diisolasi dari rimpang kunyit. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2019;29(3):189–96. doi: 10.22435/mpk.v29i3.1293.

Gutierrez RMP, Guzman MD. Meliacinolin: A potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitor isolated from Azadirachta indica leaves and in vivo antidiabetic property in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes in mice. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2012;35(9):1516-24. doi: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00246.

Proença C, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Oliveira EFT, Sousa JLC, Tomé SM, et al. α -Glucosidase inhibition by flavonoids: an in vitro and in silico structure–activity relationship study. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 2017 Sep 21;32(1):1216–28. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1368503.

Limanto A, Simamora A, Santoso AW, Timotius KH. Antioxidant, a-Glucosidase inhibitory activity and molecular docking study of gallic acid, quercetin and rutin: a comparative study. Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences. 2019 Sep;3(2):67–74. doi: 10.21705/mcbs.v3i2.60.

Dheer R, Bhatnagar P. A study of the antidiabetic activity of Barleria prionitis Linn. Indian Journal of Pharmacology. 2010 Apr;42(2):70–3. doi: 10.4103/0253-7613.64493.

Rahmachari G. Bio-flavonoids with promising anti-diabetic potentials : a critical survey. In: Tiwari VK and Mishra BB, editors. Opportunity, challenge and scope of natural products in medicinal chemistry. 1st ed. Kerala: Research Signpost; 2011. p. 187–212.

Yuniarto A, Selifiana N. Aktivitas inhibisi enzim alfa-glukosidase dari ekstrak rimpang bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) secara in vitro. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana. 2018;2(1):22–5. doi: 10.24123/mpi.v2i1.1299.

Published
2021-02-23
How to Cite
1.
Kusumawati N, Haryoto H, Indrayudha P. Penghambatan Enzim Alpha-Glukosidase oleh Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica) dan Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga). jki [Internet]. 23Feb.2021 [cited 24Apr.2024];11(1):56-4. Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/jki/article/view/3950