Tren Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi di Masyarakat di Beberapa Negara Dunia: Tinjauan
Abstract
Abstrak
Saat ini kontrasepsi seakan menjadi kebutuhan primer. Layaknya Indonesia, negara lain menggunakan
kontrasepsi guna menstabilkan pertumbuhan penduduk. Perkembangan keilmuan tentu berdampak langsung
terhadap perkembangan metode kontrasepsi. Tinjauan artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tren dan faktor
umum yang memengaruhi penggunaan kontrasepsi dalam lima tahun terakhir. Jurnal yang digunakan didapat
dari laman situs Pubmed dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci “effectiveness of contraception”; “Trend of
Contraception” dan “Cost Effectivenesss Analysis of Contraception”. Kriteria jurnal terdiri dari kriteria inklusi
dan kriteria eksklusi. Kriteria inklusi adalah jurnal berbahasa inggris yang dipublikasi lima tahun terakhir.
Sementara kriteria eksklusi adalah jurnal riview dan jurnal yang membahas penggunaan kontrasepsi di suatu
negara; populasi dengan penyakit tertentu. Sebanyak 18 jurnal dari 14 negara yang lolos ulasan dengan
metode PICO. Mayoritas negara di dunia percaya bahwa long acting reversible contraceptive (LARC)
merupakan metode kontrasepsi paling efektif. Tujuh dari empat belas negara menjadikan short acting reversible contraceptive (SARC) sebagai metode paling banyak digunakan. Faktor umum yang memengaruhi pemilihan kontrasepsi diantaranya tempat tinggal, agama, usia, aktivitas seksual, jumlah anak, dan tingkat pendidikan. Tren pemilihan metode kontrasepsi di dunia masih condong kepada SARC walaupun sudah banyak penelitian yang menyatakan LARC jauh lebih efektif dan cost-effective.
Kata kunci: Kontrasepsi, LARC, Faktor sosial
Abstract
Currently, contraception seems to be a primary need. Like Indonesia, other countries use contraception
to stabilize population growth. Advances in science have an impact on the development of contraceptive
methods. This review article aims to examine general trends and factors affecting contraceptive use in the past
five years. The journals used were obtained from the Pubmed and ScienceDirect web pages with the keyword
"effectiveness of contraception"; "Trend of Contraception" and "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Contraception".
Journal criteria consist of inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criterion is an English language
journal published in the last five years. Exclusion criteria were review journals; study population with diseases.
A total of 18 journals from 14 countries passed the review using the PICO method. The majority of countries in
the world believe that long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) is the most effective contraceptive method.
Seven of the fourteen countries have made short-acting reversible contraceptive (SARC) the most widely used method. General factors that influence the choice of contraception include a place of residence, religion, age, sexual activity, number of children, and level of education. The trend in choosing contraceptive methods in the world is still leaning towards SARC even though there have been many studies that have claimed that LARC
is more effective and cost-effective.
Keywords: Contraception, LARC, Social factors
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