PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA WAKTU PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH DAN DERAJAT INSULITIS TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

  • Fitria Dhenok Palupi Program Diploma III Gizi Politeknik Kesehatan TNI AU Adisutjipto; Clinical Nutrition, Ilmu Gizi, Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Brian Waskita Clinical Nutrition, Ilmu Gizi, Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret; Bagian Patologi Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret
  • Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa Bagian Patologi Anatomi, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret; Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret
Keywords: Kadar Gula Darah, Centella asiatica, Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2, Inflamasi

Abstract

Latar Belakang. Diabetes melitus merupakan masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi yang meningkat tiap tahun. Insulitis merupakan keadaan patofisiologis inflamasi dari pulau langerhans pankreas yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan homeostasis glukosa darah dan berkorelasi dengan perkembangan diabetes melitus tipe 2. Centella asiatica merupakan tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan jenis pentacyclic triterpenes yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan, antiinflamasi, dan antimikroba. Tujuan. Menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol pegagan terhadap kadar gula darah dan derajat insulitis tikus Wistar jantan induksi sreptozotocin-nicotinamide. Metode. Penelitian ini terdiri atas enam perlakuan yaitu kontrol normal (K-), kontrol diabetes (K+), ekstrak etanol pegagan dosis 300 mg/kg BB (P1), ekstrak etanol pegagan dosis 600 mg/kg BB (P2), ekstrak etanol pegagan dosis 1.200 mg/ kg BB (P3), dan pemberian obat metformin dosis 45 mg/kg BB (P4), tikus diterminasi pada lama pemberian 28 hari dan 35 hari di laboratorium PSPG UGM Yogyakarta. Analisis statistik menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol pegagan mengandung zat aktif asiaticoside dan aktivitas antioksidan 86,81%. Pemberian ekstrak etanol pegagan menurunkan kadar gula darah pada lama pemberian 28 hari (p=0,001) dan 35 hari (p=0,001). Pemberian ekstrak etanol pegagan menurunkan derajat insulitis pada lama pemberian 35 hari (0,008), namun tidak signifikan pada lama pemberian 28 hari (p=0,368).  Kesimpulan. Esktrak etanol pegagan dosis 600 mg/kg BB paling efisien dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah dan derajat insulitis sehingga mencegah kondisi hiperglikemia dan inflamasi dibandingkan obat oral antidiabetes dengan efek samping yang ditimbulkannya.

References

American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care.2010;1:S62-S69.

Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global Estimates of the Prevalence of Diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.2010;87(1):4-14.

Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Jakarta: Badan Litbang Kesehatan;2013.

World Health Organization. Global Status Report on Noncommunicable Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization;2014.

World Health Organization. Noncommunicable Disease Country Profiles 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization;2014.

Ikmal SIQS, Huri HZ, Vethakkan SR, Ahmad WAW. Potential Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. International Journal of Endocrinology.2013:1-11.

Node K, Inoue T. Postprandial Hyperglycemia as an Ethiological Factor in Vascular Failure. Cardiovascular Diabetology.2009;8(23): 1–10.

Donath MY, Boni-schnetzler M, Ellingsgaard H, Halban PA, Ehses JA. Cytokine Production by Islets in Health and Diabetes: Cellular Origin, Regulation and Function. Trends Endocrinol Metab.2010;21(5):261–7.

Oever IAM, Raterman HG, Nurmohamed MT, Simsek S. Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Diabetes Mellitus. Mediators Inflamm.2010: 1-15.

Montané J, Cadavez L, Novials A. Stress and the Inflammatory Process : A Major Cause of Pancreatic Cell Death in Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes, Metabolic, and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 2014.2014; 7: 25-34.

Coppieters KT, Dotta F, Amirian N, Campbell PD, Kay TWH, Atkinson MA, et al. Demonstration of Islet-autoreactive CD8 T Cells in Insulitic Lesions from Recent Onset and Long-term Type 1 Diabetes Patients. J Exp Med.2012; 209(1): 51-60.

Agrawal NK, Kant S. Targeting Inflammation in Diabetes: Newer Therapeutic Options. World J Diabetes.2014; 5(5): 697–710.

Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, Ehses JA, Seifert B, Mandrup-poulsen T, et al. Interleukin-1–Receptor Antagonist in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(15):1517–26.

Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Diamant M, Ferrannini E, Nauck M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-centered Approach: Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care.2012; 35(6): 1364–79.

Marín-Peñalver JJ, Martín-Timón I, Sevillano-Collantes C, Cañizo-Gómez FJ Del. Update on the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. World J Diabetes.2016; 7(17): 354-95.

Chauhan PK, Pandey IP, Dhatwalia VK, Singh V. Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic and Methanolic Leaves Extract of Centella asiatica on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Pharm Bio Sci.2010; 6(2):1–6.

Yasurin P, Sriariyanun M, Phusantisampan T. Review : The Bioavailability Activity of Centella asiatica. KMUTNB Int J Appl Sci Technol.2016; 9(1): 1–9.

Maulidiani, Abas F, Khatib A, Perumal V, Suppaiah V, Ismail A, et al. Metabolic Alteration in Obese Diabetes Rats upon Treatment with Centella asiatica Extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016; 180: 60–69.

Supkamonseni N, Thinkratok A, Meksuriyen D, Srisawat R. Hypolipidemic and Hypoglycemic Effects of Centella asiatica (L.) Extract in Vitro and in Vivo. Indian J Exp Biol. 2014; 52(10): 965–71.

Lokanathan Y, Omar N, Ahmad Puz NN, Saim A, Hj Idrus R. Recent Updates in Neuroprotective and Neuroregenerative Potential of Centella asiatica. Malaysian J Med Sci. 2016; 23(1): 4–14.

Pramono S, Ajiastuti D. Standardisasi Ekstrak Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.). Urban Berdasarkan Kadar Asiatikosida secara KLT-densitometri Densitometric Method. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia.2004; 15(3): 118–23.

Nurlaily A, Noor Baitee AR, Musalmah M. Comparative Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Different Extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban and Its Active Compounds, Asiaticoside and Madecassoside. Med & Health.2012; 7(2): 62–72.

Kabir AU, Samad MB, D’Costa M, Akhter F, Ahmed A, Hannan J.M.A. Anti-hyperglycemic Activity of Centella asiatica is Partly Mediated by Carbohydrase Inhibition and Glucose-Fiber Binding. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2014. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/31. 2014.

Muchtaromah B, Ahmad M, Suyono, Romaidi, Bahri S, dan Kumalasari H.P. Dosage and Administration Length of Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban Decrease the Level of SOD and MDA and Improve Brain Histological Condition of Rats. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences & Engineering) 2016;78(5):57-61.

Medagama B, Bandara R. The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicines (CAMs) in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Is Continued Use Safe and Effective? Nutr J.2014; 13(1): 102-10.

Ranasinghe P, Jayawardana R, Galappaththy P, Constantine GR, Gunawardana NDV, Katulanda P. Review Article Efficacy and Safety of “True” Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) as a Pharmaceutical Agent in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Diabet Med.2012; 1480–92.

Nugroho AE, Lindawati NY, Herlyanti K, Widyastuti L, Pramono S. Anti-diabetic Effect of a Combination of Andrographolide-enriched Extract of Andrographis Paniculata (Burm f.) Nees and Asiaticoside-enriched Extract of Centella asiatica L. in High Fructose-fat Fed Rats. Indian J Exp Biol.2013; 51(12): 1101–18.

Ghasemi A, Khalifi S, Jedi S. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced Rat Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Acta Physiologica Hungarica.2014; 101(4): 408-20.

Kusumawati D. Bersahabat dengan Hewan Coba. Yogjakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press;2016.

Pakdeechote P, Bunbupha S, Kukongviriyapan U, Prachaney P, Khrisanapant W, Kukongviriyapan V. Asiatic Acid Alleviates Hemodynamic and Metabolic Alterations via Restoring eNOS/iNOS Expression, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Diet-induced Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Nutrients.2014; 6(1): 355-70.

Muntiha M. Teknik Pembuatan Preparat Histopatologi dari Jaringan Hewan dengan Pewarnaan Hematoksilin dan Eosin. Temu Teknis Fungsional non Peneliti. Bogor: Balai Penelitian Veteriner.2001; 156–163.

Gutierrez DA, Fu W, Schonefeldt S, Feyerabend TB, Ortiz-Lopez A, Lampi Y, et al. Type 1 Diabetes in NOD Mice Unaffected by Mast Cell Deficiency. Diabetes.2014; 63(11): 3827-34.

Lee C, Olson P, Evans RM. Minireview : Lipid Metabolism, Metabolic Diseases, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Endocrinology.2003; 144 (6): 2201-07.

Ma K, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Lou Y. Protective Effects of Asiatic Acid Against

D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced Hepatotoxicity in Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells Co-cultured System via Redox-regulated Leukotriene C4 Synthase Expression Pathway. Eur J Pharmacol.2009; 603(1-3): 98-107.

Rice KM, Kakarla SK, Mupparaju SP, Paturi S, Katta A, Wu M, et al. Shear Stress Activates Akt During Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Reorientation.2010; 55: 85–90.

Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Efficacy of Asiatic Acid, a Pentacyclic Triterpene on Attenuating the Key Enzymes Activities of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Phytomedicine.2013; 20(3-4): 230-6.

Ramachandran V, Saravanan R. Glucose Uptake Through Translocation and Activation of GLUT4 in PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway by Asiatic Acid in Diabetic Rats. Human and Experimental Toxicology.2015; 34(9): 884-93.

Oyenihi AB, Chegou NN, Oguntibeju OO, Masola B. Centella asiatica Enhances Hepatic Antioxidant Status and Regulates Hepatic Inflammatory Cytokines in Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Pharmaceutical Biology.2017; 55(1): 1671-78.

Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N. Dose Translation from Animal to Human Studies Revisited. The Faseb Journal.2016; 22(3): 659–61.

Published
2019-06-29
How to Cite
1.
Palupi F, Waskita B, Nuhriawangsa A. PENGARUH DOSIS DAN LAMA WAKTU PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica) TERHADAP KADAR GULA DARAH DAN DERAJAT INSULITIS TIKUS MODEL DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2. mgmi [Internet]. 29Jun.2019 [cited 29Mar.2024];10(2):111-24. Available from: http://ejournal2.litbang.kemkes.go.id/index.php/mgmi/article/view/588