HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS ANEMIA, TINGKAT AKTIVITAS FISIK, KEBIASAAN SARAPAN DAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Abstract
Latar Belakang. Depresi pada remaja merupakan pencetus beban penyakit, mengakibatkan kerugian karena kehilangan produktivitas, dan meningkatkan risiko sindrom metabolik saat dewasa. Gangguan mental emosional pada kelompok usia 15-24 tahun di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) sebesar 9,5 persen. Zat besi mempunyai peran penting dalam pembentukan perilaku emosional karena perannya sebagai kofaktor sintesis serotonin dan dopamin otak. Selain itu, tingkat aktivitas fisik dan pola makan (kebiasaan sarapan) berkontribusi juga dalam menjaga keseimbangan neurotransmiter tersebut. Defisiensi zat besi merupakan faktor utama penyebab anemia pada remaja putri. Prevalensi anemia remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta mencapai 35,2 persen pada tahun 2012. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan status anemia, tingkat aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan sarapan, dan depresi pada remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional. Subjek penelitian adalah 250 remaja putri SMA usia 14-18 tahun di Kota Yoyakarta. Depresi remaja diukur menggunakan Inventori Depresi Remaja (IDR) dan kadar hemoglobin untuk menentukan status anemia. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan chi square. Hasil. Ada hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dengan depresi pada remaja putri (RP= 1,52; CI= 1,071-2,162; p<0,05).Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara anemia (RP= 1,7; CI= 0,969-3,034; p>0,05), tingkat aktivitas fisik rendah (RP= 0,9; CI= 0,461-1,809; p>0,05) dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja putri di Kota Yogyakarta. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan zat besi dengan depresi. Namun, terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan sarapan dan depresi pada remaja (RP= 1,52 ; CI=1,071-2,162 ; p=<0,05). Kesimpulan. Kebiasaan sarapan pagi dapat dikaitkan dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja putri. Walaupun proporsi depresi remaja cukup tinggi dalam penelitian ini, namun hubungannya dengan anemia belum dapat dibuktikan secara signifikan.
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