Analisis Prioritas Tumbuhan Obat Berpotensi untuk Gangguan Mental Emosional dengan Metode Weighted Product (WP): Data Riset Tumbuhan Obat dan Jamu 2012, 2015, dan 2017
Analysis Priority of Medical Plants Potential for Emotional Mental Disorder Using Weighted Product (WP) Method: Research of Medical Plants And Herbs 2012, 2015, and 2017.
Abstract
Abstract
The 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) shows that the proportion of mental emotional disorders has increased compared to Risksesdas 2013 (9.8% from 6%), so that it has the potential to become a mental disorder that needs complex handling. The use of basic medicines for mental disorders in primary health care is limited due to the lack of competent and authorized health worker, besides the availability of medicines is very low. Research on Medicinal Plans and Herbs/Riset Tanaman Obat dan Jamu (Ristoja) has been carried out since 2012 and has resulted in successfully identifying more than 4,000 species of medicinal plants. One of them is a medicinal plant that is empirically used to overcome mental emotional disorders. Ristoja is an ethnomedicine study that needs further investigation. The research aims to prioritize/rank potential of medicinal plants for mental emotional disorders. The study analyzed secondary data of Ristoja in 2012, 2015, and 2017. Data were selected using the Weighted Product (WP) method to assess the priority of medicinal plants to be carried out in the next stage of research. Subsequent analysis of the WP method is used to determine the peringkat of medicinal plants. The results of the analysis show that of the 22 plants that caried out a literature search, there were only 9 medicinal plants that had the potential for mental emotional disorders, and were a priority for research. These plants are 1) Moringa oleifera (Kelor); 2) Sesbania grandiflora (Turi); 3) Spondias mombin (Yellow mombin); 4) Mimosa pudica (Putri malu); 5) Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lampes); 6) Basilicum polystachyon (Sangket); 7) Cocos nucifera (Kelapa); 8) Citrus aurantiifolia (Jeruk limau); 9) Caesalpinia sappan (Secang). These plants mostly work to suppress the central nervous system. Plants that have entered piority for mental disorders, can be performed pharmacologically and acute toxicity tests, in accordance with the stages of the development of traditional medicine in Indonesia.
Abstrak
Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 menunjukkan proporsi gangguan mental emosional mengalami peningkatan dibanding Riskesdas 2013 (9,8% dari 6%), sehingga berpotensi menjadi gangguan jiwa yang perlu penanganan kompleks. Penggunaan obat dasar gangguan mental di pelayanan kesehatan primer dibatasi karena kurangnya petugas kesehatan yang kompeten dan berwenang, selain itu ketersediaan obat sangat rendah. Riset Tanaman Obat dan Jamu (Ristoja) dilakukan sejak tahun 2012 dan telah berhasil mengidentifikasi lebih dari 4.000 spesies tumbuhan obat, salah satunya adalah tumbuhan untuk mengatasi gangguan mental emosional. Ristoja merupakan studi etnomedisin yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan prioritas/ peringkat tumbuhan obat berpotensi untuk gangguan mental emosional. Penelitian menganalisis data sekunder Ristoja tahun 2012, 2015, dan 2017. Data diseleksi menggunakan metode Weighted Product (WP) untuk menilai prioritas tumbuhan obat yang akan dilakukan penelitian pada tahap berikutnya. Analisis selanjutnya metode WP digunakan untuk menentukan peringkat tumbuhan obat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari 22 tumbuhan yang dilakukan penelusuran literatur, hanya ada 9 tumbuhan yang berpotensi untuk gangguan mental emosional, serta menjadi prioritas untuk dilakukan penelitian. Tumbuhan tersebut adalah:1) Moringa oleifera (Kelor); 2) Sesbania grandiflora (Turi); 3) Spondias mombin (Yellow mombin); 4) Mimosa pudica (Putri malu); 5) Ocimum tenuiflorum (Lampes); 6) Basilicum polystachyon (Sangket); 7) Cocos nucifera (Kelapa); 8) Citrus aurantiifolia (Jeruk limau); 9) Caesalpinia sappan (Secang). Tumbuhan tersebut sebagian besar bekerja menekan sistem saraf pusat. Tumbuhan yang sudah masuk prioritas untuk gangguan mental, dapat dilakukan uji farmakologi dan toksisitas akut, sesuai dengan tahapan pengembangan obat tradisional di Indonesia.
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