Hubungan antara Konsumsi Susu dan Produk Olahannya dengan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 : Review Literatur
Association between Consumption of Dairy Product and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : Literature Review
Abstract
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. T2DM can cause complications in various organs of the body and can increase the risk of death. Complications that may be experienced by people with T2DM are heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, leg amputation, blindness, and nerve damage. Good lifestyle management is very important in handling T2DM, including education and medical nutrition therapy. The dietary guidelines for people with T2DM are the amount of intake, type of food and schedule of meals. The purpose of this literature review is to analyze the association between consumption of dairy products with the risk of T2DM. The design of this study was Literature review. The type of articles used were research articles published from 2013 to 2018. Articles collected from the database were then selected using inclusion criteria: 1) the purpose of the article was to analyze the association between the intake of milk or its processed products to the incidence of diabetes; 2) was a cross-sectional study; 3) respondents aged ≥18 years, and obtained 4 articles as the final results. The results showed that consumption of dairy product, including the type of products, were protective against T2DM. People who consume dairy products have lower HbA1c levels 0,6 times than those who didn’t consume. However, milk consumption ≤14 times a week can increase the risk of T2DM. The conclusion of this study is that consumption of dairy products are protective against T2DM.
Abstrak
Diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai dengan terjadinya hiperglikemia kronis akibat gangguan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. DMT2 dapat menyebabkan komplikasi di berbagai organ tubuh dan dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian. Komplikasi yang mungkin dialami oleh penderita DMT2 ialah serangan jantung, stroke, gagal ginjal, amputasi kaki, kebutaan, dan kerusakan saraf. Manajemen gaya hidup yang baik sangat penting dalam penanganan DMT2, termasuk edukasi serta terapi gizi medis. Panduan pola makan untuk penderita DMT2 bersifat individual berdasarkan prinsip 3J, yaitu jumlah asupan, jenis makanan serta jadwal makan. Tujuan dari kajian literatur ini adalah untuk menganalisa hubungan konsumsi susu dan produk olahannya dengan risiko DMT2. Desain penelitian ini adalah literatur review. Jenis artikel yang digunakan ialah artikel penelitian yang dipublikasikan dari tahun 2013 sampai 2018. Artikel yang terkumpul dari database kemudian diseleksi dengan menggunakan kriteria inklusi: 1) tujuan artikel menganalisis hubungan asupan susu atau produk olahannya terhadap kejadian DMT2; 2) merupakan penelitian cross-sectional; 3) responden berusia ≥18 tahun, dan diperoleh empat artikel sebagai hasil akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi susu dan beberapa produk olahannya, termasuk jenis produk– produknya, bersifat protektif terhadap DMT2. Orang yang mengonsumsi susu dan produk olahannya memiliki kadar HbA1c lebih rendah 0,6 kali dibandingkan dengan yang tidak. Namun, konsumsi susu ≤14 kali dalam seminggu dapat meningkatkan risiko DMT2. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah susu dan beberapa produk olahannya bersifat protektif terhadap DMT2.
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