Uji Efikasi Nanoinsektisida Komposisi Perak Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) terhadap Aedes aegypti
Effication of Nanoinsecticide Synthesized by Nicotiana tabacum with Silver to Aedes aegypti
Abstract
Abstract
Vector control that used insecticides need to be substituted, because it has a negative impact for the environment and have been resistance for some areas, so it was necessary to find alternative insecticides. One of the natural insecticides was tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The chemical content of tobacco leaves included alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids. Nicotine was an alkaloid group compound in tobacco, thatwas a nerve poison that reacts quickly and can act as a contact poison in insects, to add the effectiveness it’s necessary change to nano particle with silver. Besides, this test used two solvents with different contains of mineral to compare the effectiveness. This study aimed to test effication of nanoinsecticide from formulation tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and silver particle for vector control of larvae Ae.aegypti. It was held at the Center for Research and Development of Disease Vector and Reservoir (B2P2VRP) with an experimental method. The results of the study showed 1,153 ppm LC50, 1,719 ppm LC90 and 1,925 ppm LC90 on solvent distilled water. LC50 of 1,641 ppm, LC90 of 10,741 ppm and LC90 of 18,295 ppm in solvent aquademineralization. Measurements of tobacco nanoinsecticides are known to be 89,2 – 112,0 run in aquadest and 89,2 -112,0 μm in aquademineralization solvents 79,0 – 143,7μm.
Abstrak
Pengendalian vektor menggunakan insektisida kimiawi perlu disubstisusi karena berdampak buruk pada lingkungan dan menyebabkan resistensi di beberapa daerah, sehingga perlu untuk mendapatkan insektisida alternatif yang ramah lingkungan. Salah satu tanaman insektisida alam, adalah tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum). Kandungan kimia tembakau meliputi alkaloid, saponin, dan flavanoid. Nikotin termasuk senyawa alkaloid dalam tembakau merupakan racun syaraf dengan reaksi cepat serta dapat berfungsi sebagai racun kontak serangga. Namun, untuk menambah daya bunuhnya sebagai larvasida maka ukuran partikel alkaloid perlu dipecah contohnya dengan penambahan perak. Pemilihan perak sebagai pembentuk molekul nano, sedangkan pelarut yang digunakan yaitu akuades dan akuademineralisasi. Kedua pelarut yang digunakan merupakan pelarut standar yang mempunyai daya kelarutan tinggi dengan perbedaan kandungan mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk uji efikasi nanoinsektisida tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum) yang diformulasikan dengan perak sebagai sarana pengendalian Aedes aegypti stadium pradewasa. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit (B2P2VRP) dengan metode eksperimental murni. Hasil penelitian didapatkan LC50 1,153 ppm, LC90 1,719 ppm pada pelarut akuademineraliasi dan LC90 1,925 ppm pada pelarut akuades. LC50 1,641 ppm, LC90 10,741 ppm dan LC90 18,295 ppm pada pelarut akuademineralisasi. Pengukuran partikel nanoinsektisida daun tembakau diketahui berukuran 89,2 - 112,0 nm pada pelarut akuades dan 89,2 -112,0 nm pada pelarut akuademineralisasi 79,0 - 143,7nm.
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