Profil Physalis minima L. dari Berbagai Etnis di 9 (Sembilan) Provinsi Indonesia Secara HPLC dan Kemometrik
Physalis minima L. Profile from Various Ethnics in 9 (Nine) Provinces Indonesia by HPLC and Chemometric
Abstract
Many Indonesian people use plants for medicine and health care. In 2017, the Center for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicines (B2P2TOOT), the National Institute of Health Research and Development (Badan Litbangkes) conducted a Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbs (Ristoja) by collecting 30 types of medicinal plants. Physalis minima L. (ciplukan) is one of the Ristoja plants that has been studied at the Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Center of Health Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, Badan Litbangkes. This study aimed to determine the chromatogram profile of plants to obtain plant quality and clusters between plants from different geographic origins using chemometric applications. There were 66 ciplukan samples collected from 15 ethnic groups in 9 provinces in Indonesia. Analysis was performed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a Photo Diode Array (PDA) detector at a wavelength (λ) of 254 nm and 366 nm. From the optimization results, the HPLC eluent used was a mixture of acetonitrile and methanol with a gradient system. The results from HPLC were chemometrically processed with data interpretation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA results of HPLC chromatograms at λ 254 nm and 366 nm, showed 2 clusters, which indicated that Physalis minima L. Ristoja results had 2 phytochemical profiles. The peak detected at λ 366 nm was more complex than at λ 254 nm.
Abstrak
Masyarakat Indonesia banyak memanfaatkan tanaman untuk pengobatan maupun perawatan kesehatan. Pada tahun 2017, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Obat dan Obat Tradisional (B2P2TOOT), Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (Badan Litbangkes) telah melakukan Riset Tanaman Obat dan Jamu (Ristoja) dengan mengumpulkan 30 jenis tanaman obat. Physalis minima L. (ciplukan) merupakan salah satu tanaman hasil Ristoja yang telah diteliti di Laboratorium Farmasi, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan, Badan Litbangkes. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui profil kromatogram tanaman untuk mendapatkan kualitas mutu tanaman dan klaster antara tanaman dari asal geografis yang berbeda menggunakan aplikasi kemometrik. Sampel ciplukan yang terkumpul berjumlah 66 buah dari 15 etnis pada 9 provinsi di Indonesia. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dengan detektor Photo Diode Array (PDA) pada panjang gelombang (λ) 254 nm dan 366 nm. Dari hasil optimasi, eluen HPLC yang digunakan adalah campuran asetonitril dan metanol dengan sistem gradien. Hasil dari HPLC diolah secara kemometrik dengan interpretasi data menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil PCA dengan HPLC pada λ 254 nm and 366 nm, masing-masing memiliki 2 klaster yang menunjukkan bahwa Physalis minima L. hasil Ristoja memiliki 2 profil fitokimia. Puncak yang terdeteksi pada λ 366 nm lebih kompleks dibanding λ 254 nm.
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