KEBUTUHAN DAN KENDALA KADER KESEHATAN DALAM MEMBANTU KEBERHASILAN IBU MENYUSUI

Nova Fajri; Sri Intan Rahayuningsih; Nevi Hasrati Nizami; Mira Rizkia

doi:10.22435/sel.v7i2.4389

Nova Fajri
Sri Intan Rahayuningsih
Nevi Hasrati Nizami
Mira Rizkia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/sel.v7i2.4389

Keywords: kader kesehatan, asi ekslusif, ibu menyusui

Abstract

Kader kesehatan masyarakat adalah pihak dari masyarakat desa yang merupakan lini terdepan dalam membantu masyarakat di desa mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan termasuk membantu keberhasilan ibu menyusui memberikan ASI ekslusif selama enam bulan dan melanjutkan sampai dua tahun, namun belum banyak penelitian yang menggali bagaimana kebutuhan serta kendala yang dihadapi kader dalam membantu keberhasilan ibu menyusui. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui kebutuhan kader kesehatan desa dalam menyukseskan menyusui eksklusif dan menyusui sampai dua tahun serta kendala yang dihadapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional study dengan metode deskriptif eksploratif terhadap 47 orang kader kesehatan dari 6 desa di kecamatan Darussalam Aceh Besar yang diambil secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 63,8% kader sangat setuju bahwa mereka berperan dalam keberhasilan ibu menyusui. Selain itu, 66% kader membutuhkan kelompok diskusi dengan pertugas kesehatan tentang menyusui secara tatap muka. Dalam melaksanakan perannya, juga terdapat kendala yang dihadapi kader kesehatan dalam membantu ibu menyusui yaitu merasa gagal dalam berkomunikasi dan meyakinkan ibu untuk menyusui bayinya (21,3%), belum memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai ketika ibu menyusui mengeluhkan ASI nya sedikit, puting kecil, dan bayi tidak mau menyusu (17%). Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pengetahuan yang mumpuni dari kader serta forum diskusi yang dapat memotivasi kader serta berkonsultasi terhadap permasalahan yang belum diketahuinya untuk membantu keberhasilan ibu menyusui.

Community health workers are village structures that are at the frontline of helping communities overcome health problems including helping successful mothers to breastfeed exclusively for six months and continue for up to two years. However, very little research has discussed the needs and constraints faced by the community health worker in helping breastfeeding mothers succeed. The purpose of this study was to determine the needs of village community health workers in the success of exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding for up to two years and the obstacles faced. This study used a cross-sectional study approach with a descriptive exploratory method on 47 community health workers from 6 villages in the Darussalam Aceh Besar sub-district who were taken randomly. The results showed that 63.8% of the community health worker strongly agreed that they played a role in the success of breastfeeding mothers. Besides, 66% of community health workers need a face-to-face discussion group with health workers about breastfeeding. In carrying out their role, there are also obstacles faced by the community health worker in helping breastfeeding mothers, namely feeling that they fail to communicate and convince mothers to breastfeed their babies (21.3%), do not have adequate knowledge when breastfeeding mothers complain about their low milk, small nipples, and babies do not want to breastfeed (17%). Therefore, it requires qualified knowledge from community health workers as well as discussion peer group with the breastfeeding counselor that can motivate them and consult on unknown problems to help the success of breastfeeding mothers.

References

1. Cetthakrikul N, Topothai C, Suphanchaimat R, Tisayaticom K, Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien V. Childhood stunting in Thailand: when prolonged breastfeeding interacts with household poverty. BMC Pediatr. 2018;18(1):1–9.
2. Lestari ED, Hasanah F, Nugroho NA. Correlation between non-exclusive breastfeeding and low birth weight to stunting in children. Paediatr Indones. 2018;58(3):123–7.
3. Ferdiyus. Profil Kesehatan Aceh 2018. Dinas Kesehat Aceh. 2018;(9):51.
4. Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018 [Internet]. 2019. 207 p. Available from: http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Data-dan-Informasi_Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-2018.pdf
5. Galipeau R, Dumas L, Lepage M. Perception of Not Having Enough Milk and Actual Milk Production of First-Time Breastfeeding Mothers: Is There a Difference? Breastfeed Med. 2017;12(4):210–7.
6. Kemenkes RI. Kurikulum dan Modul Pelatihan K ader Posyandu. 2014.
7. Kosasih CE, Solehati T, Rahmat A. Gambaran Sumber Informasi Phbs Pada Kader Kesehatan. Promot J Kesehat Masy. 2018;8(1):56.
8. Sunarti, Utami S. Peran Kader Kesehatan Dalam Posyandu UPTD Puskesmas Kecamatan Sanawetan Kota Blitar. J Kesehat Masy [Internet]. 2018;3(2):98–9. Available from: http://jurnal.stikespantiwaluya.ac.id/index.php/JPW/article/download/63/45
9. Septikasari M. Kader kesehatan sebagai konselor gizi anak. Aksiologinya J Pengabdi Kpd Masy. 2018;2(1):15–21.
10. Janvier A, Malo J, Barrington KJ. Cohort study of probiotics in a North American neonatal intensive care unit. J Pediatr [Internet]. 2014;164(5):980–5. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24411521
11. Patel AL, Johnson TJ, Engstrom JL, Fogg LF, Jegier BJ, Bigger HR, et al. Impact of early human milk on sepsis and health-care costs in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol [Internet]. 2013;33(7):514–9. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3644388&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
12. Gephart SM, Weller M. Colostrum as Oral Immune Therapy to Promote Neonatal Health. Adv Neonatal Care [Internet]. 2014;14(1):44–51. Available from: http://content.wkhealth.com/linkback/openurl?sid=WKPTLP:landingpage&an=00149525-201402000-00010
13. Lee J, Kim H, Jung YH, Choi KY. Oropharyngeal Colostrum Administration in Extremely Premature Infants : An RCT. Pediatrics. 2015;135(2):e357.
14. Girard LC, Doyle O, Tremblay RE. Breastfeeding, cognitive and noncognitive development in early childhood: A population study. Pediatrics. 2017;139(4).
15. Pickler RH, Wetzel P a, Meinzen-Derr J, Tubbs-Cooley HL, Moore M. Patterned feeding experience for preterm infants: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials [Internet]. 2015;16:255. Available from: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4460964&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
16. Scoccianti C, Key TJ, Anderson AS, Armaroli P, Berrino F, Cecchini M, et al. European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Breastfeeding and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2015;39:S101–6.
17. Leissner S, Ryan-Fogarty Y. Challenges and opportunities for reduction of single use plastics in healthcare: A case study of single use infant formula bottles in two Irish maternity hospitals. Resour Conserv Recycl [Internet]. 2019;151(August):104462. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104462
18. Sikorski J, Renfrew MJ, Pindoria S, Wade A. Support for breastfeeding mothers: A systematic review. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2003;17(4):407–17.
19. Sriraman NK. The Nuts and Bolts of Breastfeeding: Anatomy and Physiology of Lactation. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care [Internet]. 2017;47(12):305–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.10.001
20. Stuebe AM, Grewen K, Meltzer-Brody S. Association between maternal mood and oxytocin response to breastfeeding. J Women’s Heal. 2013;22(4):352–61.
21. Puapornpong P, Paritakul P, Suksamarnwong M, Srisuwan S, Ketsuwan S. Nipple Pain Incidence, the Predisposing Factors, the Recovery Period after Care Management, and the Exclusive Breastfeeding Outcome. Breastfeed Med. 2017;12(3):169–73.
22. Ratna H. The Importance of Effective Communication in Healthcare Practice. Harvard TH Chan Sch Public Heal. 2019;53(9):1689–99.
23. Sun K, Chen M, Yin Y, Wu L, Gao L. Why Chinese mothers stop breastfeeding: Mothers’ self-reported reasons for stopping during the first six months. J Child Heal Care. 2017;21(3):353–63.