AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES SECARA IN VITRO EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN DAN KULIT BATANG BINTANGUR (Calophyllum rigidum Miq.)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is still a serious health problem both in the world and in Indonesia. The use of plants as a source of antidiabetic medicine is still needed. Bintangur plant, Calophyllum rigidum, contains active compounds that have the potential to act as anti-diabetic drugs but have not been used optimally. The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro antidiabetic activity of the ethanol extract of Calophyllum rigidum stem bark and leaves. The antidiabetic method used was α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition. Phytochemical screening is based on color change reactions. The results obtained showed that the ethanol extract of stem bark and leaf had α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 63.75 and 65.86 µg/mL, respectively. Both extracts contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins, while quinones are only found in the stem bark extracts. The conclusion is that the ethanol extract of the stem bark and leaves of Calophyllum rigidum has active antidiabetic activity through inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme.
Key words: antidiabetic, α-glucosidase, Calophyllum rigidum, phytochemical screening
ABSTRAK
Penyakit diabetes mellitus masih merupakan masalah kesehatan serius baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan tanaman sebagai sumber bahan obat antidiabetes masih diperlukan. Tanaman bintangur, Calophyllum rigidum, mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai obat antidiabetes namun belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antidiabetes secara in vitro dari ekstrak etanol kulit batang dan daun Calophyllum rigidum. Metode antidiabetes yang digunakan adalah penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase. Penapisan fitokimia berdasarkan pada reaksi perubahan warna. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu ekstrak etanol kulit batang dan daun memiliki aktivitas penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 63,75 dan 65,86 µg/mL. Kedua ekstrak mengandung golongan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid/triterpenoid, saponin, dan tannin, sedangkan kuinon hanya ditemukan pada ekstrak kulit batang. Kesimpulannya ialah bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit batang dan daun Calophyllum rigidum memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes yang aktif melalui penghambatan enzim α-glukosidasi
Kata Kunci : antidiabetes, α-glukosidase, Calophyllum rigidum, penapisan fitokimia
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