EFEKTIVITAS SIRUP EKSTRAK DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba L.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN ASAM URAT PADA MENCIT (Mus Musculus)

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Allopurinol is an isostatic uric acid drug. Long-term use of allopurinol may cause liver failure, hepatitis, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and eczema. Mulberry leaves extract at doses 250 (M250), 500 (M500), and 750 (M750) mg/kg of body weight known had effectiveness in decreasing uric acid levels in mice. This study aimed to know the physical stability and effectiveness of mulberry leaves extract syrup in reducing uric acid levels. Phytochemical screening was carried out to determine the class of compounds in the mulberry extract. The extract was then prepared into syrup formulation. Syrup preparations were examined for physical stability, included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, and viscosity. The 24 mice, were induced hyperuricemia with fresh chicken liver. Mice were divided into 6 groups, i.e. mulberry leaves extract syrup M250, M500, M750, positive control allopurinol, negative control CMC Na, and control group. Blood uric acid levels were measured at 0, 60, and 90 minutes. The phytochemistry screening showed the extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and terpenoid. The organoleptic test of mulberry leaves extracts syrup was liquid, green, sweet, pH 4.2-4.5, and homogeneous. The mulberry leaves extract syrup M250, M500, M750 significantly decreased uric acid levels compared to solvent treatment, respectively 32+4,3, 55+5,6, and 41+3,7%, while the allopurinol 62+2,0%, p>0.05. The mulberry leaves extract can be formulated into syrup dosage form and has good physical stability.

Keywords: uric acid, Morus alba, mulberry leaves syrup

Allopurinol merupakan obat asam urat yang bersifat urikostatik. Penggunaan allopurinol jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan gagal hati, hepatitis, diare, konstipasi, mual, muntah dan eksim. Ekstrak daun murbei (M250), 500 (M500) dan 750 (M750) mg/kg BB diketahui dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat pada mencit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui stabilitas fisik sirup ekstrak daun murbei dan efektifitasnya dalam menurunkan kadar asam urat. Penapisan fitokimia dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan golongan kimia dalam ekstrak daun murbei. Ekstrak diformulasi menjadi sediaan sirup dan dilakukan pengujian organoleptik, pH, homogenitas dan viskositasnya. Sejumlah 24 mencit diinduksi hiperurisemia dengan memberikan hati ayam segar. Mencit hiperurisemia  kemudian dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok dengan perlakuan sirup ektrak daun M250, M500, M750, kontrol allopurinol dan Na CMC. Kadar asam urat darah diukur pada menit ke 0, 60 dan 90. Penapisan fitokimia menunjukkan ekstak daun murbei memiliki kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid. Pengamatan organoleptik sirup ekstrak daun murbei berwujud cair, hijau, manis, pH4,2-4,5 dan bersifat homogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sirup ekstrak daun murbei M250, M500, M750 menurunkan kadar asam urat secara signifikan dibandingkan perlakuan pelarut, berturut-turut sebesar 32+4,3, 55+5,6 dan 41+3,7%, sedangkan kelompok kontrol allopurinol 62+2,0%, p>0.05. Dengan demikian, ekstrak daun murbei dapat diformulasi menjadi sediaan sirup dengan stabilitas fisik yang baik.

Kata kunci: Asam urat, Morus alba, sirup daun murbei