Distribusi Vektor Malaria Anopheles (Diptera: Cullicidae) di Kabupaten Bulukumba, Indonesia
The Distribution of Anopheles (Diptera: Cullicidae) Malaria Vectors in Bulukumba District, Indonesia
Abstract
Abstract
Anopheles is an eminent mosquito vector responsible for Plasmodium infection in human. By far, 430 anophelines have been identified but only 30-40 species have the potential to transmit malaria. A survey was carried to describe the distribution of anophelines species in seven community health centre (CHC) working areas including Caile, Ujung Loe, Bonto Bahari, Bonto Tiro, Batang, Bonto Bangun and Tanete in Bulukumba District, South Sulawesi. Human Landing Collection, Net Trap, and Light Trap was applied to collect adult anophelines mosquitoes. The Anopheles malaria vectors were observed in all areas. Various anophelines malaria vectors exist in Bulukumba District, including An. subpictus, An. barbirostris, An. hyrcanus, An. vagus, An. indefinitus, An. parangensis and An. kochi. Of which, Anopheles subpictus was the most abundant species and the majority of Anopheles mosquitoes were found in Ujung Loe area. Our study indicates that community-based programs and routine entomological surveillance, especially in high-risk areas, should be implemented to effectively control malaria transmission in Bulukumba District.
Abstrak
Malaria pada manusia ditularkan oleh nyamuk betina Anopheles yang berperan sebagai vektor yang membawa parasit Plasmodium. Terdapat sekitar 430 spesies Anopheles, 30-40 diantaranya berpotensi untuk menularkan malaria ke manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan distribusi vektor Anopheles di Kabupaten Bulukumba melalui survei entomologi (observasional) dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah nyamuk Anopheles di tujuh wilayah kerja puskesmas, yakni Puskesmas Caile, Ujung Loe, Bonto Bahari, Bonto Tiro, Batang, Bonto Bangun dan Tanete. Penangkapan vektor Anopheles dilakukan dengan metode Human Landing Collection (HLC), Net Trap, dan Light Trap. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan distribusi vektor Anopheles yang tersebar di tujuh wilayah kerja puskesmas yakni An. subpictus, An. barbirostris, An. hyrcanus, An. vagus, An. indefinitus, An. parangensis dan An. kochi. Anopheles subpictus merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan, sedangkan wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ujung Loe merupakan lokasi yang paling banyak ditemukan vektor Anopheles. Variasi vektor Anopheles yang tersebar di wilayah Kabupaten Bulukumba hendaknya mendorong para pengambil kebijakan di tingkat dinas kesehatan dan puskesmas untuk menyusun program pengendalian malaria yang optimal dan sesuai, baik dari segi pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pelaksanaan survei entomologi secara berkala khususnya pada wilayah yang berisiko.
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