Assessment Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Masyarakat pada Peningkatan Kasus Leptospirosis di Kecamatan Gantiwarno, Kabupaten Klaten
Abstract
Abstract
Leptospirosis cases in Klaten Regency in 2016-2018 have increased. An assessment action to describe the knowledge and behavior of the community regarding leptospirosis incidence in Gantiwarno District was carried out as input in efforts to control leptospirosis. The research location was in Towangsan Village, using a cross-sectional design. Data was collected in October-November 2018 through a survey among 32 residents around the case house and indepth interviews with five staff of district health office and Gantiwarno public health center. Most respondents have correct knowledge about first symptoms, health assistance facilities for leptospirosis treatment, mode of transmission, leptospirosis prevention, and carcasses handling. The community already knew about early symptoms, but didn’t see the necessity of the second visit in health facilities nor given information to medical staff about exposure history or risk factors. Qualitatively, farmers' groups are susceptible to leptospirosis because some communities still throwing rat carcasses into paddy fields, minimum use of PPE, and handwashing behavior. Health Office was recommended to educate the community about the importance of repeated visits to health facilities and providing risk factor information to health workers related to leptospirosis. Counseling leptospirosis prevention in farmer groups is carried out through cross-sectoral collaboration between the regency health office and regency agriculture office.
Abstrak
Kasus leptospirosis di Kabupaten Klaten tahun 2016-2018 mengalami peningkatan. Kegiatan assessment dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan pengetahuan dan perilaku masyarakat pada peningkatan kasus leptospirosis di Kecamatan Gantiwarno. Rancangan penelitian adalah cross sectional. Lokasi penelitian di Desa Towangsan, Kecamatan Gantiwarno, dengan waktu pengumpulan data pada bulan Oktober-November 2018. Survei pengetahuan dilakukan pada 32 orang penduduk di sekitar rumah kasus dan wawancara mendalam dilakukan pada 5 orang staf dinas kesehatan dan puskesmas. Sebagian besar responden telah memiliki pengetahuan yang benar tentang gejala awal, pemanfaatan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk pengobatan leptospirosis, cara penularan dan pencegahan leptospirosis, serta cara menangani bangkai. Masyarakat mengetahui gejala awal leptospirosis, namun belum mengetahui perlunya kunjungan ulang ke sarana kesehatan dan menginformasikan riwayat faktor risiko untuk membantu penegakan diagnosis. Secara kualitatif, kelompok petani rentan terhadap penularan leptospirosis karena adanya perilaku masyarakat membuang bangkai tikus ke sawah dan rendahnya penggunaan APD serta perilaku cuci tangan dengan sabun setelah bekerja. Dinas kesehatan direkomendasikan memberikan edukasi ke masyarakat tentang pentingnya kunjungan ulang ke sarana kesehatan dan memberikan informasi faktor risiko ke tenaga kesehatan apabila memiliki gejala awal leptospirosis. Penyuluhan edukasi pencegahan leptospirosis pada kelompok petani dilakukan melalui kerjasama lintas sektor antara dinas kesehatan dengan dinas pertanian.
References
Picardeau M. Leptospirosis: Updating the Global Picture of an Emerging Neglected Disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(9):1-2. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004039
Brito T De, Silva AMG da, Abreu PAE. Pathology and pathogenesis of human leptospirosis: a commented review. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2018;60(e23):1-10.
Joharina AS, Pujiyanti A, Nugroho A, Martiningsih I, Handayani FD. Peran Tikus Sebagai Reservoir Leptospira di Tiga Ekosistem di Kabupaten Bantul , Yogyakarta. Bul Penelit Kesehat. 2019;47(3):191-198. doi:10.22435/bpk.v47i3.1885
Mulyani GT, Sumiarto B, Artama WT, et al. Kajian Leptospirosis pada Sapi Potong di Daerah Aliran Sungai Progo Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kedokt Hewan. 2016;10(1):68-71. http://jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JKH/article/viewFile/3374/3163.
Mulyani GT, Hartati S, Santoso Y, Kurnia, AB Pramono, DK Wirapratiwi. Kejadian Leptospirosis pada Anjing di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. J Vet. 2017;18(3):403-408. doi:10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.3.403
Zaki AM, Rahim MAA, Azme MH, et al. Animal Reservoirs for Leptospira spp. in South-East Asia: A Meta-Analysis. J Adv Res Med. 2018;05(03):23-31. doi:10.24321/2349.7181.201817
Syamsuar, Daud A, Maria IL, Hatta M, Mallongi A. Determinant Factors of Leptospirosis in Indonesia : Flood Prone Area Setting in Wajo District. In: ICER-PH 2018. ; 2019. doi:10.4108/eai.26-10-2018.2288705
Sanyasi RDLR. Laporan Kasus Kejadian Luar Biasa Leptospirosis Di Magetan, Jawa Timur. Berk Ilm Kedokt Duta Wacana. 2018;3(1):1. doi:10.21460/bikdw.v3i1.104
Pratamawati DA, Ristiyanto R, Handayani FD, Kinansi R. Faktor Risiko Perilaku Masyarakat Pada Kejadian Luar Biasa Leptospirosis Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun 2017. Vektora J Vektor dan Reserv Penyakit. 2018;10(2):135-142. doi:10.22435/vk.v10i2.9353.135-142
Nugroho A, Wiwik Trapsilowati, Yuliadi B, Indriyani S. Faktor lingkungan biotik dalam Kejadian Luar Biasa Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten. Vektora J Vektor dan Reserv Penyakit. 2018;10(02):89-94.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018. (Indonesia KKR, ed.). Jakarta; 2019.
Nugroho A. Analisis Faktor Lingkungan dalam Kejadian Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Tulungagung Analysis of Environmental Factors for Leptospirosis Cases in Tulungagung District. Balaba. 2015;11(2):73-80.
Fonseka CL, Vidanapathirana BN, De Silva CM, et al. Doxycycline Usage for Prevention of Leptospirosis among Farmers and Reasons for Failure to Use Chemoprophylaxis: A Descriptive Study from Southern Sri Lanka. J Trop Med. 2019;2019. doi:10.1155/2019/2917154
Atil A, Jeffree MS, Rahim SSSA, Hassan MR, Lukman KA, Ahmed K. Occupational determinants of leptospirosis among urban service workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(2). doi:10.3390/ijerph17020427
Rathinam S, Vedhanayaki R, Balagiri K. A Cross-Sectional Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Leptospirosis among Rural and Urban Population of a South Indian District. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2019;00(00):1-12. doi:10.1080/09273948.2019.1681473
Jittimanee J, Wongbutdee J. Prevention and control of leptospirosis in people and surveillance of the pathogenic Leptospira in rats and in surface water found at villages. J Infect Public Health. 2019;12(5):705-711. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2019.03.019
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten. Laporan Kasus Dan Kematian Akibat Leptospirosis Di Kabupaten Klaten Tahun 2016-2018. Kabupaten Klaten: Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten; 2017.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten. Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten Klaten 2017. Klaten: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Klaten; 2018.
Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan. Petunjuk Teknis Pengendalian Leptospirosis. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2017.
Mulyono A. Laporan Penelitian Assesment Dan Pendampingan Penanganan Peningkatan Kasus / Kejadian Luar Biasa ( KLB ) Penyakit Tular Reservoir ( Leptospirosis ). Kota Salatiga: Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Vektor dan Reservoir Penyakit; 2018.
Ricardo T, Bergero LC, Bulgarella EP, Previtali MA. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding leptospirosis among residents of riverside settlements of Santa Fe, Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(5):1-19. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006470
Nozmi N, Samsudin S, Sukeri S, Shafei MN. Low Levels of Knowledge , Attitudes and Preventive Practices on Leptospirosis among a Rural Community in Hulu Langat District , Selangor , Malaysia. 2018. doi:10.3390/ijerph15040693
Depo M, Kusnanto H. Risiko Kematian pada Kasus-kasus Leptospirosis: Data dari Kabupaten Bantul 2012-2017. Ber Kedokt Masy. 2018;34(6):236-241. doi:10.22146/bkm.34878
Amalia R, Cahyati WH. Keterlambatan pengobatan pada penderita Leptospirosis di Kota Semarang. Visikes J Kesehat Masy. 2017;16(1):9-15.
Bandara K, Weerasekera MM, Gunasekara C, Ranasinghe N, Marasinghe C, Fernando N. Utility of modified Faine’s criteria in diagnosis of leptospirosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):1-7. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1791-9
Goh SH, Khor KH, Lau SF, Ismail R, Khairani-Bejo S, Radzi R. Evaluation of Leptospirosis Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Dog Handlers. J Vet Malaysia. 2019;31(1):17-27.
Nurbeti M, Kusnanto H, Nugroho WS. Kasus-Kasus Leptospirosis Di Perbatasan Kabupaten Bantul, Sleman, Dan Kulon Progo: Analisis Spasial. Kesmas. 2016;10(Maret):1-14. doi:10.12928/kesmas.v10i1.2914
Schønning MH, Phelps MD, Warnasekara J, Agampodi SB, Furu P. Correction to: A Case–Control Study of Environmental and Occupational Risks of Leptospirosis in Sri Lanka. Ecohealth. 2019;16(3):544. doi:10.1007/s10393-019-01455-x
Naing C, Ren WY, Man CY, et al. Awareness of dengue and practice of dengue control among the semi-urban community: A cross sectional survey. J Community Health. 2011;36(6):1044-1049. doi:10.1007/s10900-011-9407-1
Minter A, Costa F, Khalil H, et al. Optimal control of rat-borne leptospirosis in an urban environment. Front Ecol Evol. 2019;7(June):1-10. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00209
Widjajanti W, Pujiyanti A, Mulyono A. Aspek Sosio Demografi dan Kondisi Lingkungan Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Klaten Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2016. Media Litbangkes. 2018;28(1):25-32. doi:10.22435/mpk.v28i1.7373.25-32
Siwiendrayanti A, Semarang UN. Zona Kerentanan Kejadian Leptospirosis Ditinjau dari Sisi Lingkungan. HIGEIA J Public Heal Res Dev. 2019;2(3):498-509. doi:10.15294/higeia.v2i3.23624
Sitindaon W, Mustofa SB, Husodo BT, Masyarakat FK, Diponegoro U. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku ibu rumah tangga dalam pencegahan penyakit leptospirosis pada keluarga di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kedungmundu Kecamatan Tembalang. J Kesehat Masy. 2020;8:150-156.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Vektor Penyakit
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Publishing your paper with Jurnal Vektor Penyakit (JVP) means that the author or authors transfer the copyright to JVP. JVP granted an exclusive reuse license by the author(s), but the author(s) are able to put the paper onto a website, distribute it to colleagues, give it to students, use it in your thesis etc, even commercially.
JVP journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets others remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
JVP journal Open Access articles are distributed under this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). Articles can be read and shared for All purposes under the following conditions:
- BY: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- SA: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.