Status Resistensi Nyamuk Aedes aegypti terhadap Malation dan Mutasi Gen Ace-1 di Kota Ambon
Abstract
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the main vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The continuous use of insecticides can cause resistant Ae. aegypti. One indicator of mosquito resistance to organophosphate is acetylcholinesterase insensitivity, which is encoded by the ace-1 gene. This study aims to analyze the status of resistance and detect ace-1 gene mutations in Ae. aegypti in Ambon city. This research is a descriptive and analytic study with a cross-sectional research design. Resistance status was tested by the CDC bottle bioassay and the detection of ace-1 gene mutations was established using PCR and sequencing. The nucleotide sequence was edited with Mega 7 software. The results of resistance tests using the CDC bottle bioassay method showed Ae. aegypti from the Waihaong and Rijali Community Health Centers had a mortality of 92% and 95.83% (tolerant), while the Latuhalat, Amahusu, Air Salobar, Benteng, Urimessing, Christina Martha Thiahahu, Karpan, Belso, Air Besar, Kilang, Halong, Lateri, Passo, and Nania had mortality between 98-100% (vulnerable). Sequencing and alignment results showed that there were no ace-1 gene mutations in Ae. aegypti originating from Waihaong and Rijali Community Health Centers. Ae. aegypti resistance status in 2 Community Health Centers is tolerant and 14 other Community Health Centers are vulnerable. There are no ace-1 gene mutations in Ae. aegypti at the Waihaong and Rijali Community Health Centers in Ambon City.
Abstrak
Nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah vektor utama penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD). Penggunaan insektisida terus menerus dapat menyebabkan nyamuk Ae. aegypti resisten. Salah satu indikator resistensi nyamuk terhadap insektisida organofosfat adalah insensitivitas acetylcholinesterase, yang dikode oleh gen ace-1. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis status resistensi dan mendeteksi mutasi gen ace-1 pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti di kota Ambon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan analitik dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Status resistensi diuji dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay dan deteksi mutasi gen ace-1 ditegakkan menggunakan PCR dan sekuensing. Urutan nukleotida diedit dengan software Mega 7. Hasil uji resistensi dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay menunjukan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari Puskesmas Waihaong dan Rijali memiliki mortalitas 92% dan 95,83% (toleran), sedangkan Puskesmas Latuhalat, Amahusu, Air Salobar, Benteng, Urimessing, Chrsitina Martha Thiahahu, Karpan, Belso, Air Besar, Kilang, Halong, Lateri, Passo, dan Nania memiliki mortalitas antara 98-100% (rentan). Hasil sekuensing dan alignment menunjukan tidak terdapat mutasi gen ace-1 pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang berasal dari Puskesmas Waihaong dan Rijali. Status resistensi nyamuk Ae. aegypti di 2 Puskesmas Kota Ambon tergolong toleran dan 14 Puskesmas lainnuya tergolong rentan. Tidak terdapat mutasi gen ace-1 pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti di Puskesmas Waihaong dan Rijali Kota Ambon.
References
Satoto TBT, Alvira N, Wibawa T, Diptyanusa A. Controlling Factors that Potentially against Transmission of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever at State Elementary Schools in Yogyakarta. Kesmas Natl Public Heal J. 2017;11(4):178–84.
Smith LB, Kasai S, Scott JG. Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: Important mosquito vectors of human diseases. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2016;133(February 2018):1–12.
Ferreira-De-Lima VH, Lima-Camara TN. Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A systematic review. Parasites and Vectors. 2018;11(1):1–8.
Idrees S, Ashfaq UA. A brief review on dengue molecular virology, diagnosis, treatment and prevalence in Pakistan. Genetic Vaccines and Therapy. 2012;10(1):1.
Buhler C, Winkler V, Runge-Ranzinger S, Boyce R, Horstick O. Environmental methods for dengue vector control – A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(7):1–15.
Souza-Neto JA, Powell JR, Bonizzoni M. Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review. Infect Genet Evol. 2019;67(September 2018):191–209.
Mulyaningsih B, Umniyati SR, Hadianto T. Detection of Non specific Esterase Activity in Organophosphate Resistant Strain Of Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera : Culicidae) Larvae In Yogyakarta , Indonesia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Heal. 2017;48 (3):552.
Republika. Kasus demam berdarah di Ambon meningkat [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2019 Jul 3]. Available from: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/nasional/daerah/16/06/11/o8ltwi284-kasus-demam-berdarah-di-ambon-meningkat.
Tasane I. Uji Resistensi Insektisida Malathion 0,8% Terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Wilayah Fogging Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas II Ambon. J Kesehat Masyarakat(e-Journal). 2015;3.
Macoris MDLG, Andrighetti MTM, Takaku L, Glasser CM, Garbeloto VC, Bracco JE. Resistance of Aedes aegypti from the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to Organophosphates Insecticides. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2003;98(5):703–8.
Liu J, Tian X, Deng Y, Du Z, Liang T, Hao Y, et al. Risk factors associated with dengue virus infection in Guangdong province: A community-based case-control study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(4):1–12.
Qi X, Wang Y, Li Y, Meng Y, Chen Q, Ma J, et al. The Effects of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors on the Incidence of Dengue Fever in the Pearl River Delta, China, 2013. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015;9(10):1–13.
Widiarti, Damar Tri Boewono, Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, Rima Tunjungsari, Puji BS Asih, Din Syafruddin. Identifikasi Mutasi Noktah Pada” Gen Voltage Gated Sodium Channel” Aedes aegypti Resisten Terhadap Insektisida Pyrethroid di Semarang Jawa Tengah. Bul Penelit Kesehat,. 2012;40.
Hasmiwati, Rusjdi SR, Nofita EKA. Detection of Ace-1 gene with insecticides resistance in Aedes aegypti populations from DHF-endemic areas in Padang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 2018;19(1):31–6.
Satoto TBT, Satrisno H, Lazuardi L, Diptyanusa A, Purwaningsih, Rumbiwati, et al. Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti: An impact from human urbanization? PLoS One. 2019;14(6):1–13.
Widiastuti D, Sunaryo S, Pramestuti N, Sari TF, Wijayanti N. Deteksi Mutasi V1016G Pada Gen Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Pada Populasi Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) di Kabupaten Klaten, Jawa Tengah dengan Metode Allele-Specific PCR. Vektora J Vektor dan Reserv Penyakit. 2015;7(2).
Yudhana A, Praja RN, Yunita MN. Deteksi Gen Resisten Insektisida Organofosfat pada Aedes aegypti di Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur Menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction. J Vet. 2017;18(3):446.
Muthusamy R, Shivakumar MS. Susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to temephos from three districts of Tamil Nadu, India. J Vector Borne Dis. 2015;52(2):159–65.
Lima J bento P, Pereira Da-Cunha M, Carneiro Da Silva R, Ribeiro Galardo AK, Da Silva Soares SD, Aparecida Braga I, et al. Resistance of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates in several municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2003;68(3):329–33.
CDC. Guideline for Evaluating Insecticide Resistance in Vectors Using the CDC Bottle Bioassay. 2010;1–28.
Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33(7):1870–4.
Georghiou GP, Mellon RB. Pesticide Resistance in Time and Space. In: Pest Resistance to Pesticide. Plenum Press. New York; 1983.
Selian Y. Status Kerentanan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) Terhadap Insektisida Organofosfat dan Piretroid di Wilayah Kerja Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok [Tesis]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2015.
Ponlawat A, Harrington LC. Blood Feeding Patterns of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Thailand. Entomol Soc Am. 2005;844–9.
Coto MM, Lazcano JA, de Fernández DM, Soca A. Malathion resistance in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus after its use in Aedes aegypti control programs. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2000;16(4):324–30.
Alvarez LC, Ponce G, Oviedo M, Lopez B, Flores AE. Resistance to malathion and deltamethrin in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Western Venezuela. J Med Entomol. 2013;50(5): 1031–9.
Shinta, Sukowati S, Fauziah A. Kerentanan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta dan Bogor Terhadap Insektisida Malation dan Lambdacyhalotrin. J Ekol Kesehat. 2008;7:722–31.
Engdahl C, Knutsson S, Fredriksson SÅ, Linusson A, Bucht G, Ekström F. Acetylcholinesterases from the disease vectors Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae: Functional Characterization and comparisons with vertebrate orthologues. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):1–17.
Powell JR, Tabachnick WJ. History of domestication and spread of Aedes aegypti--a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2013;108(October):11–7.
Kawada H, Higa Y, Futami K, Muranami Y, Kawashima E, Osei JHN, et al. Discovery of Point Mutations in the Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel from African Aedes aegypti Populations: Potential Phylogenetic Reasons for Gene Introgression. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016;10(6):1–21.
Seixas G, Grigoraki L, Weetman D, Vicente JL, Silva AC, Pinto J, et al. Insecticide resistance is mediated by multiple mechanisms in recently introduced Aedes aegypti from Madeira Island (Portugal). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(7):1–16.
Grisales N, Poupardin R, Gomez S, Fonseca-Gonzalez I, Ranson H, Lenhart A. Temephos Resistance in Aedes aegypti in Colombia Compromises Dengue Vector Control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(9).
Weill M, Malcolm C, Chandre F, Mogensen K, Berthomieu A, Marquine M, et al. The Unique Mutation in Ace-1 Giving High Insecticide Resistance is Easily Detectable in Mosquito Vectors. Insect Mol Biol. 2004;13(1):1–7.
Liebman KA, Pinto J, Valle J, Palomino M, Vizcaino L, Brogdon W, et al. Novel Mutations on The Ace-1 Gene of The Malaria Vector Anopheles albimanus Provide Evidence for Balancing Selection in an Area of High Insecticide Resistance in Peru. Malar J. 2015;14(1):1–10.
Weill M, Berthomieu A, Berticat C, Lutfalla G, Nègre V, Pasteur N, et al. Insecticide resistance: a silent base prediction. Curr Biol. 2004;14(14):552–3.
Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Vektor Penyakit
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Publishing your paper with Jurnal Vektor Penyakit (JVP) means that the author or authors transfer the copyright to JVP. JVP granted an exclusive reuse license by the author(s), but the author(s) are able to put the paper onto a website, distribute it to colleagues, give it to students, use it in your thesis etc, even commercially.
JVP journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets others remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
JVP journal Open Access articles are distributed under this Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA). Articles can be read and shared for All purposes under the following conditions:
- BY: You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- SA: If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
