Inventarisasi Ragam Tumbuhan Obat Berpotensi sebagai Anti Nyamuk
Inventory of Potential Medicinal Plants as Anti Mosquitoes
Abstract
Abstract
The use of chemical pesticides for mosquito control has been widely known by the public. The negative impact of the use of chemical pesticides has led to the importance of finding anti-mosquito alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was descriptive research using qualitative methods to know the medicinal plant potentially as anti mosquitos which were used in Indonesia. Qualitative data or the parameters examined were following the type of medicinal plant, the number of uses of the medicinal plant, and user tribes. Activities performed were including analysis of a subset of the RISTOJA data and literature study. The data used were obtained from 2012, 2015 and 2017 RISTOJA. There were 18 plant species that were used as anti-mosquito medicinal plants. Medicinal plants that widely used by ethnic groups in Indonesia as anti mosquitos are Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Premna serratifolia L. and Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson with the main compound is terpenoid (monoterpene and sesquiterpene) in the essential oil.
Abstrak
Penggunaan pestisida kimia untuk pengendalian nyamuk telah banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat. Dampak negatif dari penggunaan pestisida kimia menyebabkan pentingnya mencari alternatif anti nyamuk dari tumbuhan obat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk mengetahui ragam tumbuhan obat (TO) berpotensi sebagai anti nyamuk yang digunakan di Indonesia. Parameter data yang diteliti meliputi jenis TO, jumlah penggunaan TO, dan etnis yang memanfaatkan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi analisis subset data RISTOJA dan studi literatur. Data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperoleh dari metadata penelitian RISTOJA tahun 2012, 2015 dan 2017. Tumbuhan obat berkhasiat anti nyamuk yang digunakan oleh etnis-etnis di Indonesia berjumlah 18 jenis. Tumbuhan obat yang banyak digunakan oleh etnis-etnis di Indonesia adalah Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle, Premna serratifolia L. dan Goniothalamus macrophyllus (Blume) Hook.f. & Thomson dengan kandungan senyawa utama berupa terpenoid (monoterpene dan sesquiterpene) yang terdapat di dalam minyak atsiri.
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