EFEKTIVITAS INFUSA UMBI BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa) DAN KULIT JERUK LIMAU (Citrus amblycarpa) TERHADAP LARVA Aedes aegypti
EFFECTIVENESS INFUSA OF ONION TUBERS (Allium cepa) AND LIME SKIN (Citrus amblycarpa) AGAINST Aedes aegypti LARVAE
Abstract
The use of active chemical compounds contained in plants is needed to control the Ae. aegypti mosquito vector which is resistant to many chemical insecticides. These plants are shallot bulbs and lime peels. The use of natural larvacides is expected to have no side effects on humans, the environment, or resistance. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of shallot tuber infusion, and lime peel on Ae. aegypti larvae in various concentrations. This study used a completely randomized design with positive control treatments in the form of temephos 1%, negative control (without exposure), infusion of shallots, and lime peels with water solvent and concentrations of 1%,2%4%,8%, and 16% with 4 repetitions. In this study Ae. aegypti larvae instar III were used as many as 25 larvae per replications, and observation of Ae. aegypti larvae are done within 24 hours. The data obtained were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test, if the results were very significant (p < 0.01) then it would be followed by the smallest real difference test. The LC50 and LC90 probits tests were used to determine the effective dose of the two plants. The results showed that the LC50 value for the infusion of shallots and lime peels was 3,04%; 3,42% and d LC90 of 6,49%; 6,98%. The study concludes that the infusion of shallots and lime peel can be used as larvacide Ae. aegypti which is natural because the mortality rate is close to 90%.
Abstrak
Pemanfaatan senyawa kimia aktif yang terkandung dalam tanaman sangat diperlukan untuk mengendalikan vektor nyamuk Ae. aegypti yang telah resisten terhadap insektisida kimia. Tanaman yang akan dimanfaatkan adalah umbi bawang merah dan kulit jeruk limau. Penggunaan larvasida alami diharapkan tidak mempunyai efek samping terhadap manusia, lingkungan maupun kejadian resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas infusa umbi bawang merah dan kulit jeruk limau terhadap larva Ae. aegypti dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan kontrol positif berupa temephos 1%, kontrol negatif (tanpa paparan), infusa umbi bawang merah dan kulit jeruk limau dengan pelarut air dan konsentrasi bertingkat 1%, 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16% dengan ulangan sebanyak 4 kali. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan larva Ae. aegypti instar III sebanyak 25 ekor larva per ulangan, dan pengamatan larva Ae. aegypti dilakukan dalam waktu 24 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way Anova, apabila hasilnya berbeda sangat bermakna (p< 0.01) maka akan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil. Uji probit LC50 dan LC90 digunakan untuk mengetahui dosis efektif dari kedua tanaman tersebut. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai LC50 infusa umbi bawang merah dan kulit jeruk limau sebesar 3,04%; 3,42% dan LC90 sebesar 6,49%; 6,98%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah infusa umbi bawang merah dan kulit jeruk limau dapat digunakan sebagai larvasida Ae. aegypti yang bersifat alami karena nilai mortalitasnya yang mendekati 90%.
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