Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L) dari Semarang, Temanggung, dan Kendal Sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti L
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is a health problem in Indonesia. The spread of DF occurs through mosquito vectors. Vector control is one of important methods in dengue prevention. However, the occurence of insecticide resistance leads the need of new inovation of botanical insecticide, such tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L). The research aimed to know larvicidal effectivity of tobacco extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae, and also analyzed nicotine content of tobacco leaves which collected from three sites: Semarang, Temanggung, and Kendal; used experimental design and carried out on March-December 2013. Tobacco leaves was extracted with etanol then tested to Aedes aegypti 3rd instar larvae. The results showed that tobacco leaves from Temanggung was the most active as larvicides, then were followed from Semarang and Kendal. The analysis result showed that to reach 90% death from total number of larvae samples (LD90), required tobacco extract of Kendal at concentration 447ppm, Semarang 241 ppm, and Temanggung 212 ppm. Larvicidal effects of tobacco leaves extract was unproportional to the content of nicotine, such as Semarang (4,69%), Temanggung (3,61%), and Kendal (1,85%).
ABSTRAK
Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan permasalahan kesehatan di Indonesia. Penyebaran DBD melalui vektor nyamuk. Pengendalian vektor merupakan tahapan penting dalam mencegah DBD. Adanya resistensi insektisida membuat pengendalian vektor terhambat, sehingga diperlukan penelitian inovasi insektisida nabati, salah satunya tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L). Penelitian bertujuan menguji efektivitas larvasida ekstrak tembakau terhadap larva Aedes aegypti serta menganalisis kandungan nikotin dari tembakau yang dikoleksi dari tiga tempat, yaitu Semarang, Temanggung, dan Kendal; menggunakan desain penelitian eksperimental murni, dan dilaksanakan Maret-Desember 2013. Tembakau diekstraksi dengan etanol lalu diuji pada larva Ae. aegypti instar tiga. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan ekstrak tembakau Temanggung paling aktif sebagai larvasida diikuti Semarang dan Kendal, sedangkan untuk mendapatkan respon biologis 90% kematian dari jumlah total sampel larva diperlukan konsentrasi ekstrak tembakau Kendal pada konsentrasi 447 ppm, Semarang 241 ppm, dan Temanggung 212 ppm. Efek larvasida ekstrak tidak berbanding lurus dengan kadar nikotin ekstrak tembakau, yaitu tembakau Semarang (4,69%), Temanggung (3,61%), dan Kendal (1,85%).
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