Comparison of Adherence to the Use of Herbal Medicine with Conventional Medicine in Hypertensive Patients at Lempake Public Health Center, Samarinda City
Abstract
Latar belakang: Hipertensi adalah masalah kesehatan utama di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Penggunaan obat bahan alam untuk hipertensi telah meningkat dalam dekade terakhir. Biaya penggunaan obat bahan alam dianggap lebih murah dengan efek samping yang lebih sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat tingkat kepatuhan penggunaan obat pada pasien hipertensi yang berobat ke Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) di Kota Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur.
Metode: Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Lempake Kota Samarinda pada bulan Juli hingga Agustus 2017.
Responden penelitian adalah 63 pasien hipertensi yang datang berobat dan memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pasien hipertensi selanjutnya diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner MMAS (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale).
Hasil: Sebanyak 56% pasien hipertensi juga menggunakan obat bahan alam selain obat konvensional untuk
hipertensi. Daun sirsak (Annona muricata), daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), dan buah mentimun (Cucumis
sativus) adalah bahan alam yang paling banyak digunakan oleh pasien hipertensi. Rerata tekanan darah sistolik
(p=0,004; 95% CI -19,8 – -3,8) dan diastolik (p=0,038; 95% CI -9,6 – -0,29) untuk pengguna bahan alam lebih
rendah jika dibandingkan dengan pengguna obat konvensional. Rerata MMAS untuk pengguna bahan alam lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan pengguna obat konvensional (p=0,004; 95% CI 0,31 – 1,6). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasien lebih patuh menggunakan obat bahan alam dibandingkan obat konvensional untuk hipertensi.
Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya edukasi pengobatan hipertensi ke komunitas, baik itu obat bahan alam maupun konvensional. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan kepatuhan yang lebih baik pada penggunaan obat bahan alam dibandingkan obat konvensional untuk hipertensi. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi menjanjikan penggunaan obat bahan alam untuk hipertensi di masa depan. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(2):82-6)
Kata kunci: Kepatuhan, obat bahan alam, hipertensi, Puskesmas Lempake Kota Samarinda
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is major health problem worldwide, including Indonesia. The use of herbal medicines for hypertension has increased in the past decade. The price of herbal medicines considered cheaper with fewer side effects. This study tried to see the level of adherence to the use of medicine by hypertensive patients in community health center at Samarinda City, East Kalimantan.
Methods: This study conducted at Lempake Community Health Center in Samarinda City from July until August
2017. The subjects of this study are 63 hypertensive patients and meet the sample criteria set by the researchers. The study interviewing hypertensive patients with MMAS (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) questionnaire.
Results: The results showed 56% of hypertensive patients also use herbal other than conventional medicine. Soursop (Annona muricata) leaves, salam (Syzygium polyanthum) leaves, and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit were the most frequent herbal medicines used by hypertensive patients. The mean blood pressure of herbal medicine users was significantly lower when compared with conventional medicine users for systolic (p=0.004; 95% CI -19.8 – -3.8) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.038; 95% CI -9.6 – -0.29). The mean score of MMAS in herbal medicine users was significantly higher when compared with conventional medicine users (p=0.004; 95% CI 0.31 – 1.6). This suggests that patients are more adherent in using herbal than the conventional medicine for hypertension.
Conclusion: The result of the study shows the need for herbal and conventional medicine education for
hypertension in the community. The result also shows better patient adherence to herbal medicine compared to conventional medicine, as the promising future of herbal medicine for hypertension. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2018;9(2):82-6)
Keywords: Adherence, herbal medicine, hypertension, Lempake Public Health Center Samarinda City
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