The Bacterial Susceptibility of Levofloxacin for Urinary Tract Infections Bacteria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, and can be associated with long term organ damage, organ dysfunction, and multiple organ failure. Type 2 DM causes high glucose levels in urine and suppression of the immune system, as in result it becomes a predisposing factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs). The antibiotic therapies that can be given in UTIs is levofloxacin which is effective against many types of bacteria that cause UTIs.This study aimed to determine the pattern of levofloxacin sensitivity against the bacteria that cause UTIs patients with type 2 DM.
Methods: The study used a descriptive method with a total sample of 22 bacterial isolates that had been isolated from UTIs patients with type 2 DM . The bacterial isolates were collections of the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University. The study was conducted from June to October 2019. The antibiotic sensitivity test used the disc diffusion method and interpretation based on the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
Results: levofloxacin was sensitive to UTIs bacteria by 95,45% with a total of 21 isolates from 22 isolates. The levofloxacin sensitivity pattern which was sensitive to types of bacteria such as Escherichia coli (100%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100%), Enterobacter aerogenes (66,67%), Klebsiella sp. (100%), and Shigella sp. (100%).
Conclusion: levofloxacin is sensitive against bacteria that cause UTIs in type 2 DM patients with a percentage of 95,45%.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Urinary Tract Infections; Levofloxacin.
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit gangguan metabolik menahun yang memiliki karakteristik berupa hiperglikemia, kondisi ini dapat berkaitan dengan kerusakan organ jangka panjang, disfungsi organ, dan kegagalan berbagai organ dalam tubuh. DM tipe 2 mengakibatkan tingginya kadar glukosa dalam urin dan penekanan sistem imun, sehingga dapat menjadi faktor predisposisi terhadap infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Terapi antibiotik yang dapat diberikan pada ISK adalah levofloksasin yang efektif terhadap banyak jenis bakteri penyebab ISK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola sensitivitas antibiotic levofloksasin terhadap bakteri penyebab infeksi saluran kemih pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2.
Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan total sampel sebanyak 22 isolat bakteri yang telah diisolasi dari pasien ISK dengan DM tipe 2. Isolat bakteri merupakan koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni – Oktober 2019. Pengujian sensitivitas antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram dan menggunakan tabel Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) sebagai panduan kriteria.
Hasil: levofloksasin sensitif terhadap bakteri ISK sebesar 95,45% dengan jumlah isolat sebanyak 21 dari 22 isolat uji. Pola sensitivitas levofloksasin yang bersifat sensitif pada jenis bakteri yaitu Escherichia coli (100%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100%), Enterobacter aerogenes (66,67%), Klebsiella sp. (100%), dan Shigella sp. (100%).
Kesimpulan: levofloksasin sensitif terhadap bakteri penyebab ISK pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan persentase sebesar 95,45%.
Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus; Infeksi Saluran Kemih; Levofloksasin.
References
Pusat Data Dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Situasi dan Analisis Diabetes. . 2014.
Acharya D, Bogati B, Shrestha G, Gyawali P. Diabetes mellitus and Urinary Tract Infection: Spectrum of Uropathogens and their Antibiotic Sensitivity. Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences [Internet]. 2015 Feb 1 [cited 2022 Dec 30];1(4):24–8. Available from: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/JMMIHS/article/view/11998
American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care In Diabetes - 2018. 2018 [cited 2022 Dec 30];41. Available from: www.copyright.com
Nitzan O, elias M, Chazan B, Saliba walid. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy Dovepress Urinary tract infections in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: review of prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Dec 30];8:129–36. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S51792
Liman MNP, Jialal I. Physiology, Glycosuria. StatPearls [Internet]. 2022 Mar 18 [cited 2022 Dec 30]; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557441/
Buku ajar ilmu penyakit dalam : fakultas kedokteran Universitas Airlangga Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Ed.2. Airlangga University Press; 2015.
Julka S. Genitourinary infection in diabetes. Indian J Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2022 Dec 30];17(Suppl1):S83. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC3830375/
Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol [Internet]. 2015 May 24 [cited 2022 Dec 30];13(5):269. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4457377/
Utami ER. ANTIBIOTIKA, RESISTENSI, DAN RASIONALITAS TERAPI. El-Hayah [Internet]. 2011 Apr 16 [cited 2022 Dec 30];1(4):191–8. Available from: https://ejournal.uin-malang.ac.id/index.php/bio/article/view/1783
Aviv Triono A, Edy Purwoko A, Studi Pendidikan Dokter P, Kedokteran dan Ilmu kesehatan F, Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta U, Farmakologi B, et al. Efektifitas Antibiotik Golongan Sefalosporin dan Kuinolon terhadap Infeksi Saluran Kemih. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2022 Dec 30];12(1):6-11. Available from: https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/mm/article/view/994
Bertram G K. Farmakologi Dasar & Klinik. EGC; 2010.
Penta K, Tarmono S, Noegroho BS, Mochtar CA, Wahyudi I, Renaldo J, et al. Tata Laksana Infeksi Saluran Kemih dan Genitalia Pria 2015. 2015;
Octavianty Rachman N, Darwin Prenggono M, Yulia Budiarti L, Mangkurat Banjarmasin L, Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarmasin B. UJI SENSITIVITAS BAKTERI PENYEBAB INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TERHADAP SEFTRIAKSON, LEVOFLOKSASIN, DAN GENTAMISIN. Berkala Kedokteran [Internet]. 2016 Oct 7 [cited 2022 Dec 30];12(2):205–13. Available from: https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/jbk/article/view/1871
Rahman AO. UJI KEPEKAAN BAKTERI YANG DIISOLASI DARI PASIEN DENGAN BAKTERIURIA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK AMOKSISILIN, LEVOFLOKSASIN DAN CIPROFLOKSASIN DI LABORATORIUM MIKROBIOLOGI RSUD RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI PERIODE OKTOBER - NOVEMBER 2016. JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL “Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan” [Internet]. 2017 Nov 21 [cited 2022 Dec 30];5(2):87–94. Available from: https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/kedokteran/article/view/4116
Nur Z, Mardhia M, Mahyarudin M. Gambaran Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Kemih Pada Urin Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Majalah Kedokteran Andalas [Internet]. 2022 Apr 11 [cited 2022 Dec 30];45(2):173–84. Available from: http://jurnalmka.fk.unand.ac.id/index.php/art/article/view/994
Nazari MI, Mahyarudin M, Mardhia M. Description Of Ciprofloxacin Sensitivity On Bacteria Causing UTI In T2DM Patients. THE JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST [Internet]. 2022 Jun 29 [cited 2022 Dec 30];5(1):8–14. Available from: http://journal.um-surabaya.ac.id/index.php/analis/article/view/6628
Cesur S, Demiröz AP. Antibiotics and The Mechanisms of Resistance to Antibiotics. Med J Islamic World Acad Sci [Internet]. 2013;21(4):138–42. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/
Kv R, Sb S. Prescription pattern of antibiotic usage for urinary tract infection treated in a rural tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2011;
Davin-Regli A, Pagès JM. Enterobacter aerogenes and Enterobacter cloacae; versatile bacterial pathogens confronting antibiotic treatment. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2022 Dec 30];6(MAY). Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4435039/
Llor C, Bjerrum L. Antimicrobial resistance: risk associated with antibiotic overuse and initiatives to reduce the problem. Ther Adv Drug Saf [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Dec 30];5(6):229. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC4232501/
Dache A, Dona A, Ejeso A. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, its reasons and contributing factors among communities of Yirgalem town, Sidama regional state, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med [Internet]. 2021 Jan [cited 2022 Dec 30];9:205031212110424. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34504704/
Copyright (c) 2022 Zulfikar Dwi Kiswahyu Nindo, Mahyarudin Mahyarudin, Mardhia Mardhia, Andriani Andriani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
