Determinan Manajemen Perawatan Diri Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciputat, Kota Tangerang Selatan
Abstract
Abstrak
Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit kronis akibat gangguan produksi dan/atau resistensi insulin yang menyebabkan tingginya kadar glukosa darah, yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan dengan risiko kesakitan dan kematian tinggi. Manajemen perawatan diri merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan status kesehatan dan kualitas hidup pasien DM tipe 2. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung serta besaran pengaruh dari dukungan sosial, edukasi pasien, nutrition literacy dan efikasi diri terhadap manajemen perawatan diri pasien DM tipe 2. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang menggunakan metode potong-lintang. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 75 pasien DM di Kecamatan Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Structural Equation Model (SEM) mengunakan SmartPLS 2.0 dan SPSS 20. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen perawatan diri pasien DM tipe 2 dipengaruhi oleh faktor dukungan sosial sebesar 24,9%, faktor edukasi pasien sebesar 13,3%, faktor literasi gizi sebesar 7,9%, dan faktor efikasi diri sebesar 8,2%. Model struktural penelitian ini menjelaskan variabel manajemen perawatan diri sebesar 54,7%. Pihak puskesmas, khususnya penanggung jawab program penyakit tidak menular (PTM), lebih meningkatkan keterlibatan keluarga dalam kegiatan edukasi terkait perawatan diri pasien DM, agar kualitas perilaku manajemen perawatan diri menjadi lebih baik.
Kata kunci: diabetes melitus, edukasi pasien, literasi gizi, efikasi diri, manajemen perawatan diri
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by disturbances of insulin production and or insulin resistance which causes high blood glucose levels that may lead to health problems with a high risk of illness and death. Self-care management is one of the factors that determine the health status and quality of life of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects and magnitude of the effect of social support, patient education, nutrition literacy and self-efficacy to self-care management for type 2 DM patients. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The participants were 75 DM patients in Ciputat Subdistrict, South Tangerang. Statistical analysis was conducted with Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SmartPLS 2.0 and SPSS 20. The research findings showed that self-care management of DM type 2 patients is influenced by social support factors (24.9%), patient education factor (13,3%), nutrition literacy factor (7.9%), and self-efficacy factor (8.2%). The structural model of this study described self-care management variables of 54.7%. The public health center, especially the non-communicable diseases (NCD) programs, should further increase the involvement of the family in educational activities related to DM patients self-care to improve the quality of self-care management.
Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Patient Education, Nutrition literacy, Self-Efficacy, and Self-Care Management
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